Introduction: The medical residency is the gold standard specialization in medical training and a well-prepared assessment system is an effective tool to guarantee their qualification. Goals: Analyze the assessment system for pediatric residents at a university hospital, in order to promote teacher training in assessment methods. Methods: Involves educational action research (teaching-research), carried out with teachers and preceptors of the pediatric medical residency at a university hospital. The steps consisted of applying a semi-structured questionnaire on the assessment methods used with the resident physician; a workshop on clinical skills assessment and feedback; application of another questionnaire based on level 1 of the Kirkpatrick method. Data analysis consisted of simple statistics and content analysis. Results: None of the teachers/preceptors use systematic assessment of the resident physician's clinical, psychomotor or affective skills. Conclusions: In order to make the evaluation system more solid, it is necessary to offer continuous training and, in this sense, educational action research has shown to contribute to this process. Instituting systematic assessment with feedback, makes it possible to identify and to correct any mismatches in the resident physician's skills. It is necessary to make preceptors aware of the importance of their role as a trainer and evaluator.

Keywords: Medical residency; Feedback; Preceptors; Performance evaluation; Teacher development; Medical education.