ABSTRACT. Becoming the mother of a second child as a transition in parenting requires a shift to new roles and responsibilities (Gage, Everett e Bullock, 2006; Mercer, 2006), impelling emotional, behavioral, and cognitive responses that can support the implementation of adaptive efforts and new patters of life (Gage, Everett, & Bullock, 2004), with implications for the health and well-being of the family and for the healthy physical and emotional development of the child (Gage, Everett e Bullock, 2006). "Being a mother of one child is different from being a mother of two" (Vivian, 2010, p.28), as the particularity of each child is associated with a particular moment in the life of the woman, who needs to become a mother of a new being and to accommodate each child in his or her own life and in the family (Mercer, 2004; Salmela-Aro, Nurmi, Saisto e Halmesmäki, 2000). In addition, the birth of a second child also gives birth to the fratria and can trigger intragenerational conflicts, insofar as it makes relationships more complex (Vivian, 2010). Being the mother of a second child is thus a unique and qualitatively differentiated experience (Kojima, Wakita e Irisawa, 2005), which requires restructuring, which can lead to changes in the woman as a result of the various changes that occur and in which she is involved (Salmela-Aro et al., 2000; Vivian, 2010; Canavarro, 2007). According to O’Reilly (2004) mothers of two children tend to report more stress, than first time mothers or, than mothers with three or more children. These women report maternal feelings of ambivalence, sadness and guilt, somehow related to mourning, by a decrease in the intensity of their relationship with their first child. Moreover, as a process built in interaction, it persists in the present time as a feminine problematic, since it unleashes gender roles and contributes to the greater overload of women (Martins, 2013). In this sense, becoming the mother of a second child leads to health needs, as women are pushed to incorporate new knowledge, to mobilize new skills and resources, to adapt to their new role and new identity in the search for an encounter with a new equilibrium in a family and social system that is increasingly complex and vulnerable (O’Reilly, 2004). The transition to parenting for the first time has been investigated in a number of disciplines (Vivian, 2010; Holditch-Davis e Miles, 2012), namely nurses (Holditch-Davis e Miles, 2012). Parenting in at-risk children, parental responses to children with acute or chronic illness, parenting in children and adolescents, and problematic parenting have also been the focus of attention in several studies (Holditch-Davis e Miles, 2012). The review of the literature shows that research into the phenomenon, becoming a mother for the second time, is scarce, focuses predominantly on gestation, postpartum or the weeks immediately after birth and does not allow in-depth understanding of this human experience, from the perspective of women, therefore pointing to the need to explore this area of knowledge (O’Reilly, 2004; Rodrigues & Velez, 2018). Understanding how this phenomenon is experienced by women, given the complexity inherent in being a single person, and as "being-in-the-world" (Heidegger, 2005, p.90; Watson, 2002, p.97) in a given time, will allow women to live this moment. This aid facilitates, on the one hand, the care of the child and the integration of this new being within the family, as well as the adjustment of the woman to this new condition, in order to overcome the anxiety and stress experienced at this moment of vulnerability (Mercer, 2006; Martins, 2013). The objective of the study was to understand the experience of the woman while becoming the mother of a second child. It adopted a qualitative methodology with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out in two day care centers in the Leiria area. Experiential material was collected from phenomenological interviews with eleven women, with a second child, aged between 18 and 24 months. The activities developed in the data analysis process took into account the guidelines of van Manen (1997, 2014). Becoming the mother of a second child presents itself as the experience of encounter and (re) encounter (Fig. 1). The encounter between the woman and the second child, occurring at the time of birth, is an intimate moment of enchantment presented as "just me and him." This is an emotionally intense encounter, in which warmth, smell, gaze, crying and love are lived and felt deeply. The encounter between the first and second child is, in turn, a meeting in tenderness and love, but in which also the occupation of space by another is felt and lived. All these encounters lead to the (re) encounter of the family as a whole, because in the present there are four beings. In this way, this is also the experience of the (re) encounter of the family identity, in which the woman, at the same time, when she looks at the whole, through the family, wants to attend to the individuality of each child, in respect to its uniqueness, its oneness, its being. Through this study, nurses can access the lived experience of these women and with these findings improve their intervention. The exploration of the phenomenon of becoming the mother of a second child, as a source of knowledge for the decision-making process inherent in an evidence-based nursing practice, contributes to the affirmation of the profession and discipline, as well as to the improvement of the quality of care to these people.

ABSTRACT. One of the major criticisms of qualitative research is the generalizability of its results. Qualitative researchers are often tentative in claiming generalizability. They often tend to underclaim generalizability of their most significant results. This unwillingness to generalize and the criticism of larger generalizations made, if any, results in qualitative research seeming to be limited in its scope.

Also, themes in qualitative research, though usually interesting, are often seen as being defined by researcher’s interest rather than by intrinsic salience. The wider scope of applicability typically claimed by large sample quantitative research is often missing in claims of qualitative research proposals. This has negative implications for the research funding of pioneering qualitative work.

It is therefore important that qualitative researchers are trained at an early stage to examine the scope and limits of generalizability of their qualitative research efforts. This paper describes an in-class guided discussion that has been used to build a better perspective on generalizability in a doctoral level discussion course on qualitative research in management. This in-class guided discussion is held in the first session of this doctoral course which happens to be scheduled in their first academic term in the program. This in-class guided discussion has also been used in an “introduction to research” session as part of the orientation program for doctoral students in another campus.

The guided discussion requires a pre-session reading of the classic article titled “How I Learnt What a Crock Was?” (Becker, 1993). The article is a short and very interesting reading about a social science qualitative researcher first-hand account of trying to understand the intense socialization process of under-graduate students in a medical school in the United States. Since students in the doctoral cohort in management have not done under-graduate studies in medicine, they are highly unlikely to have any pre-conceived views - specifically on the socialization process that is described in the paper.

The social science researcher accidently comes across a term “crock” that is used by students to dismissively label a patient who was giving the students a particularly long-winded description of her many symptoms that seem to have no physical manifestation. The researcher is puzzled about why students are dismissive about “crocks” and speculates on the underlying reasons for this negative attitude about “crocks”. He tests his speculations and dismisses some early speculations based on inherent contradictions evidenced from his many conversations with medical students. Over time he identifies and then carefully tests three underlying reasons why medical students view “crocks” negatively. The three reasons provide key insights into the priorities of medical students.

The first reason is that “crocks” take up too much of their time describing their many symptoms. Once they know how to identify a “crock” they would rather use their time elsewhere as medical students are hard-pressed for time. The only way to treat a “crock” is to listen quite patiently but do nothing medically.

The second reason is that “crocks” do not have any serious ailments that will require medical expertise of a life or death nature. He found that doctors who specialize in areas that can potentially save their patients from death are more regarded that those who specialize in areas where the patient will surely not die without being treated. Medical students also wished to spend more time on the ailments that were of life and death nature rather than on “crocks”.

The third reason was that “crocks” did not offer medical student any valuable clinical experience that they eagerly sought. He found that both the medical students and doctors rely on clinical experience that could not be found in their medical textbooks or journals. Thus time spend with crocks compromised the medical students search for rich clinical experience.

Once the three reasons are discussed and understood, students are asked to examine if these three reasons (which are all logically sound) are generalizable beyond the medical school where the study was done. Students agree that purely by the logic presented, the same behaviour is likely to be found at all other medical schools in the US which follow the same educational process.

In the second stage, students are asked to generalize to medical schools across the world and not just in the US. Again students support the view that the reasons such as prioritizing the usage of time, the search for clinical experience and the positive vibe towards those who save lives, are likely to exist among all medical students. So, it is possible to generalize to medical schools worldwide.

In the third stage, students are asked to consider the generalizability to doctors rather than medical students. Here students doubt the applicability of all the three reasons among doctors who are more interested in earning well. They speculate that doctors may like “crocks” as “crocks” offer a good income. This is a good way to directly experience the limits of generalizability to doctors.

In the fourth stage, students are asked to consider generalization to students in other types of educational programs rather than just to medical students. Again students will question the generalizability to other subjects for a reason - the importance of saving lives may not exist in other educational programs.

In the fifth stage students identify other professions that save lives such as criminal lawyers. They speculate that similar behaviours among law students is likely – however criminal lawyers are unlikely to be respected more than civil court lawyers. This again tests the limit of generalizations made by them so far.

Both the formal and informal feedback on this in-class guided discussion has been very positive. In many ways, this specific discussion has added richness and shaped the discussions in all the course sessions that followed this session.

Reference

Becker HS (1993) "How I learned what a crock was" Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22: April: 28-35.

ABSTRACT. 1 Abstract The implications of conducting qualitative research with children have been discussed in the literature (Darbyshire, MacDougall, & Schiller, 2005), including in medical contexts (Kirk, 2007). There is an absence of discussion geared specifically toward qualitative, interview-based research embedded in mental health clinical trials with children and adolescents (hereon referred to as youth). Although construct-specific or diagnostic interviews exist, mental health researchers may need to develop tailored qualitative interviews to assess client engagement and satisfaction with the specific protocol used, and may need to assess other contextual factors specific to the clinical trial. The current presentation addresses this need by discussing the nuanced considerations related to the development and administration of qualitative interview research with children and adolescents in clinical, mental health settings. These considerations involve ethical, developmental, and clinical aspects to conducting such research with youth. In particular, youth need to have flexible lines of questioning that take in account the youth's language, social, and cognitive abilities, as well as interpersonal dynamics and youth’s mental health difficulties. Below we discuss the aforementioned considerations, and also describe a qualitative interview study with youth which will illustrate each consideration. It is imperative for interviewers of youth in mental health settings to consider the youth's language ability and proficiency. This consideration might necessitate a flexible interview guide that has prompts appropriate for youth at different linguistic and cognitive levels. The interview guide can also gauge comprehension by embedding open-ended definitional prompts (e.g., what does term X mean to you?), and/or providing support for the youth’s understanding of certain constructs (e.g., ‘construct X’ in this question means Z). Relatedly, multicultural studies should carefully consider the cultural backgrounds and acculturation levels of the youth, and may need to include prompts that probe cultural contexts of the clinical research question. As part of preliminary work toward a clinical trial with multicultural participants, mixed-method researchers can also conduct measurement equivalence statistical tests on their quantitative measures, and can strengthen the conceptual argument of equivalence with congruent qualitative data. In terms of language proficiency, the interview guide should always be in the youth’s preferred language. Qualitative research in a clinical context also requires a sensitivity toward power relations in the family, and with clinical or research staff, as applicable. There are some instances in which youth should be instructed on the interviewer's positionality. For example, clinicians who provide mental health services to the youth may need to acknowledge their role in both the conduct of research and the provision of treatment. The research interview guide can include a statement on how the youth’s responses will not benefit or hinder the clinician if the questioning is related to the client’s satisfaction with the clinical approach. Further, confidentiality must be preemptively addressed if the questions involve potential responses that result in breaking of confidentiality (e.g., narratives that relate to harm to self or others). Certain types of child psychopathology also introduces the need for an interviewer with understanding of child psychopathology. An illustrative example is that of youth experiencing social anxiety and depression who may communicate in brief utterances due to social evaluative fear or low engagement, and/or who may communicate narratives that they think are desirable to the interviewer. Interviewers need to recognize such threats to disclosure and quality of information, and take active steps toward enhancing rapport-building and management of the youth's difficulties. One strategy involves ‘warming up’ to sensitive and difficult lines of questioning by beginning with rapport-building, and benign or positive mood-inducing questions (e.g., “what are some of your favorite hobbies?”). Further, disclaimers stating “there are no right or wrong answers,” and that “the next questions are to make the program more helpful for other teens” can appeal to the youth’s altruism and reduce social desirability. Ultimately, the prompts and type of disclaimers used are highly contextual as per the participants’ developmental stage, mental health, and the clinical setting, and researchers are encouraged to carefully evaluate all of these factors as they construct the interview guide. This presentation will elaborate on the aforementioned considerations, and will illustrate the concepts by discussing qualitative data gathered from youth and their parents in a university, outpatient mental health setting. The interview data were gathered specifically from the pilot trial of a selective preventive approach to suicide in youth. The approach involved targeting the construct of perceived burdensomeness, a risk factor for suicidal thoughts, in a therapy module used as an adjunct to traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy. The research interview narratives from youth include their open-ended thoughts on the prevention program, and particular components of the program. The interview narratives from the accompanying parents relate to parental behavior, their role in the youth’s mental health, cultural factors, and their open-ended thoughts on the prevention program and particular components of the program. Overall, the current symposium will provide guidance to attendees on constructing an interview guide that is sensitive to clinical, developmental, and ethical nuances, with a supporting illustrative study.

1.2 Citations Darbyshire, P., MacDougall, C., & Schiller, W. (2005). Multiple methods in qualitative research with children: more insight or just more? Qualitative research, 5(4), 417-436.

Kirk, S. (2007). Methodological and ethical issues in conducting qualitative research with children and young people: A literature review. International journal of nursing studies, 44(7), 1250-1260.

Acknowledgments. Research funding: F31 MH116603-01A1, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Washington DC, USA. Targeting Burdensomeness among Clinic Referred Youth: Development of a Brief CBT Module

ABSTRACT. The major shift in educational contour brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) challenges every component of the traditional educational landscape (Morales, Anito, Avilla, Abulon, et al., 2019; Shahroom & Hussin, 2018; Chao, 2017). In higher education, the relevance of qualitative research in Education 4.0 is a significant point of interest. This paper primarily presents our reflection points after conducting a three-tier qualitative data analysis, which is a component of a state-funded research project (Morales, Anito, Avilla, Sarmiento, et al., 2019). The research component described in this paper aimed at developing a pedagogical model of the current perspectives, ideals, and practices of Philippine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) on Science, Technology, Engineering, Agri-Fisheries, and Mathematics (STEAM) Education. Likewise, this paper briefly describes the methodological rigors the we underwent in the development of the model. The developed model is also defined and elaborated in this paper to provide a context of the reflections. Our reflections mainly focus on the role of qualitative research in Philippine higher education as it deals with the possibilities, opportunities, and challenges of the 4IR. These reflections were drawn both from the pedagogical model that we developed and from our experience in employing qualitative techniques in developing the model (Anito, Morales, Torres, Gonzales, & Ganeb, 2019). In this paper, we posit that qualitative research is highly relevant in Philippine higher education primarily because qualitative research develops and nurtures skills that are essential in the 4IR. These skills include sense-making, social intelligence, adaptive thinking, cognitive flexibility, and knowledge management. Sense-making refers to our ability to determine the underlying concepts and deeper meaning of what is being expressed by the research participants (Davies, Fidler, & Gorbis, 2011; World Economic Forum, 2018). Sense-making is inherent in any qualitative research approach. On one hand, it entails having a mental dialogue with anything that appeals to our senses during data gathering, data encoding, and data analysis. On the other hand, it is demonstrating sensitivity to the implications of the analysis outcomes to the extant literature and the current and future social infrastructure. Sense-making is essential in the 4IR because it complements what the machines in the era of automation are not capable of doing. Apparently, sense-making is an ability that is unique to human beings thereby making it significant in a period where humans thrive with machines. Qualitative research likewise advances social intelligence. Social intelligence is our ability to connect to other human beings in a deep, direct, and harmonious way (Davies, Fidler, & Gorbis, 2011; World Economic Forum, 2018; Bughin, et al., 2018; Xing & Marwala, 2017). It is a skill to sense reactions and stimulate the desired interactions. In qualitative research, social intelligence is best demonstrated during interviews, focus group discussions, and immersions. It is during these processes that we exhibit keenness to every action, emotion, word, and gesture of the people around us such that we tailor our own actions, emotions, words, and gestures to blend with theirs. Social intelligence is an indispensable skill in the 4IR as workers need to collaborate and build relationships with people across social and cultural settings. Like sense-making, social intelligence is another advantage of humans over machines which makes it relevant in the 4IR. Adaptive thinking is another skill that qualitative research builds among researchers. It is our ability to respond to unique and unexpected circumstances and to figure out solutions appropriate to emerging problems (Davies, Fidler, & Gorbis, 2011; World Economic Forum, 2018; Bughin, et al., 2018; Xing & Marwala, 2017). The emergent nature of a qualitative investigation requires us to deal with serendipities across all stages of the research process thus inducing adaptive thinking skills. Adaptive thinking likewise pertains to our ability to deal with conceptual variations especially in addressing discrepancies between generated knowledge and existing social theories and constructs. The disruptive nature of the 4IR proffers uncertainties and randomness in all aspects of life thereby making the adaptive thinking skill essential. Qualitative research also nurtures cognitive flexibility (Xing & Marwala, 2017) and transdisciplinarity (Davies, Fidler, & Gorbis, 2011). Qualitative research necessitates understanding of concepts across multiple disciplines such that researchers are able to think of multiple perspectives simultaneously during data collection and data analysis. This is demonstrated as our ability to analyze data with openness, especially those data that represent diverse epistemological and ontological groundings. Consequently, this unravels every conceptual variation and discrepancy in the form of a conceptual model. While some qualitative approaches require us to suspend our conceptual prejudices in dealing with data, framing the data in a specific disciplinal context helped us in understanding the responses of our participants in our research. Cognitive flexibility is necessary in the 4IR. The seamless interaction of skills and opportunities requires graduates whose competencies represent an amalgamation of multiple perspectives. They are graduates who are able to speak languages of multiple disciplines. As experienced in our research, being able to converse in the language of a broader range of disciplines proved helpful in analyzing verbal data. Knowledge management is another skill that is deemed relevant in the 4IR.  Knowledge management, the ability to discriminate and categorize information, is fundamental in qualitative data analysis (Xing & Marwala, 2017; Davies, Fidler, & Gorbis, 2011). We discriminate information according to the conceptual demands of the emerging categories and themes and according to what is essential in building our thesis or model. At certain point in the study described in this paper, we encountered ideas that are important but are not relevant in our ongoing analysis. Hence, knowledge management is imperative. The upsurge of sophisticated information sources and knowledge exchange platforms in the 4IR results to a massive influx of data that we need to discriminate according to importance and relevance. This makes knowledge management an essential skill in the 4IR. Qualitative research nurtures skills that are crucial to the economic, industrial, and social infrastructure in the 4IR. It deals with uncertainties and randomness which characterize the fourth industrial revolution. We argue that qualitative research is an essential component of Education 4.0, especially in Philippine higher education. Hence, integrating the principles and practices of qualitative research in Philippine higher education curricula, especially in STEAM, is deemed appropriate. 

ABSTRACT. 1 Introduction

Discussing the issues related to the incarceration of women due to the involvement with drug trafficking has raised questions from educators and health professionals about the complex network of factors that includes biological determinants, Socio-economic and welfare (VICTORA et al, 2011). According to the National Survey of Penitentiary Information (INFOPEN), the number of women increased by 567.84% between the year 2000 and 2014. Among these women, 58% had a penalty for drug involvement and the dominant profile: black, single, low schooling and age group between 18 and 29 years (BRAZIL, 2014). Research on vulnerability of women in the prison context reveals that these women are also vulnerable to emotional situations, since most women arrested for involvement with drug trafficking are due to the relationship with Companion, which this woman is often and emotionally involved in trafficking in an attempt to protect her personal and affective relationships (BUSS; PELLEGRINI, 2007). The objective of this article is to analyze the factors associated with the vulnerability of women in drug involvement.

2 Other methods

This is an exploratory-descriptive research with a qualitative approach, developed in the period from August 2018 to May of 2019. The locus of research was the women's Penal group in Bahia. Fourteen women were interviewed in a prison situation. Inclusion criterion women sentenced by drug involvement, being judged and convicted. This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) under the number 3,102,242 and complied with the criteria of resolution CNS N º 466/12. All participants signed the free and informed consent term (ICF) before the interview was performed. Flower codenames were used in order to guarantee the anonymity of the participants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to the content analysis proposal, in the thematic analysis modality, described by Bardin (2011). A category emerged: factors associated with the vulnerability of women to drug involvement.

3 Results and discussion

Women in the study are relatively young, between 18 – 45 years of age. In relation to the self declaration of Race/color: Five women declared themselves Brown and nine declared themselves black; As for sexual orientation: a homosexual, six bisexual and seven heterosexual. Regarding marital status: One married, one separated, three in stable union and nine single. Regarding schooling: All literate, seven with incomplete first degree, two with complete first degree and five with complete second degree. Regarding the question regarding the use of drugs, 12 women affirmed that they used drugs: marijuana, crack, cigarettes, alcohol among others and two women denied the use of drugs. Regarding the question regarding the age that started smoking, the age group predominated between 12-29 years. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN IN DRUG INVOLVEMENT Currently, the incarceration of women due to drug trafficking is the most frequent crime among women, becoming a worrying factor, considering the speed with which this crime has been expanding and with them the consequences for society. To explain the involvement of the female population with drug trafficking, it is necessary to know the set of associated factors, considering a context that includes the cultural, economic and social aspects that entail gender inequalities (FERREIRA, 2014 ). Women involved in crimes tend to emphasize their role as caregivers and their involvement occurs frequently in an attempt to protect their personal and affective relationships (BARCINSKI, 2016). Women's involvement with drug trafficking generates impacts that deserve to have a special look at public policies. This involvement is characterized by production, consumption, trade or by living with people in the midst of this problem, determining roles and behaviors for women, establishing essential elements for the elaboration of social representations ( RODRIGUES, 2017). Factors such as: Relatives in trafficking, ease of access to drugs, economic dependence, threats, unemployment, the need for family livelihood and the attainment of power, also have an association with the involvement and permanence of women in trafficking of drugs (FERREIRA, 2014). Women act as coadjuvant, while the protagonists remain men. The main roles exercised by women in drug trafficking stand out still in the position of serving, being called "bushing" (person who is imprisoned for being present in the scene where other prisons are made); Steam (which negotiates small amounts in retail); "Accomplice" or "Assistant/rocket" is responsible for the preparation and packaging, serving as "mules" or "airplane" being so called (LOPES, 2009). In this study, all women incarcerated by drug involvement revealed as a factor associated with drug involvement: family sustenance. Even with this change of role in society, the involvement of women in drug trafficking, still shows their small participation in high positions in relation to the command, which can be evidenced an activity of predominantly masculine character.

4 Final considerations

The findings of this study suggest that among the factors associated with the vulnerability of women by drug involvement are: family sustenance, ease of access to drugs, economic dependence, threats, unemployment and the attainment of power, also have association with the involvement and permanence of women in drug trafficking. Therefore, the vulnerability of women in the drug trafficking itinerary was evidenced. This article brings as contributions to the health team the discussion about the vulnerability of women incarcerated by drug involvement, thus revealing the conditions that they are exposed and the repercussions for the health room.

ABSTRACT. This article uses the technique of Narrative Medicine to establish the report of two cases of homosexual adolescents attended at the Infanto-puberal Gynecology Clinic of a public hospital analyzed on the lens of Bioethics, based on its principles and in promoting a doctor- patient, autonomous and free from prejudice

ABSTRACT. Experiences of conflict mediation in school context are found, internationally, in the 70s in the United States and in the 80s in Europe (Cunha & Monteiro, 2019). In Portugal, they date back to the year 2000 (Ferreira, 2002). The school mediation devices are pointed out as good practice, according to the confirmed results, by foreign studies which have determined the research agenda, and in the national context, in Masters and PHD studies, simultaneously with some scientific articles. From a literature review for another study (Pinto da Costa, 2016), one determined that the contribution to list advantages and virtues of school mediation outnumber those which share typologies and results of methodologies of intervention, research or evaluation. One also determined that the research on the topic has been increasing. In the path of the statement of Torremorell (2002), contributions are required to convince the scientific community and the School of the utility of this kind of projects. One proposes a more detailed research about what has been produced in the research board in the last decade about conflicts, mediation and interaction at school, as one envisions a triad of cause-action-consequence associated with school mediation as a methodology of social innovation.

ABSTRACT. In this paper we report the initial outcomes of carrying out a meta-analysis on 84 selected articles by conducting a systematic review in Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet, Redalyc and Scielo databases. Articles collected ―which exceeded the criteria of inclusion and exclusion established in the methodology― were written in English, Spanish, Galician and Portuguese. These initial findings show which methodological designs were used in the educational research on the perception and knowledge of climate change in secondary education students from the last century to the present day (1993 – 2017).

ABSTRACT. . In the Nursing Degree clinical teaching in the sexual and reproductive health, gender stereotypes can influence the emotional experience of male students, with implications on their learning and competence’s development in a health care area that is predominantly female. In order to understand this phenomenon, is proposed a research project with a qualitative approach, exploratory and descriptive. The data were obtained from 11 learning journals written by nursing student and also from focus group with 4 clinical teaching supervisor nurses in the area. From the conventional analysis content, four central categories were extracted: Factors that hinder / facilitate the interaction of students (male) with clients (female); Students’ emotional experience; Students and supervisor nurses’ emotional skills; and Students’ development of emotional competence. The search for solutions, promoting emotional competence to overcome gender stereotypes and organizational barriers, is an integral part of gender-sensitive learning and care.

ABSTRACT. Perinatal loss causes a series of painful emotional reactions and to which parents must respond. Caring these families is crucial to avoid negative results in the short and long term. Aim: to synthesize the available body of qualitative work to know the coping experiences of women and men after perinatal loss. Methods: The qualitative findings extracted from fourteen included studies were analyzed through a meta-ethnographic approach. Results: From the analysis emerged the line of argument "Dealing with the loss", constituted by the issues: barriers and facilitators of coping after perinatal loss. Conclusion: The findings provide keys health professionals to design support strategies when perinatal loss occurs.

ABSTRACT. The objective of the study was to know the educational games used to approach gender violence. This is a review of scope performed from the academic databases and gray literature in the areas of Health, Psychology and Education. Of the total of 1,174 articles selected, only 13 were included in the review, according to the eligibility criteria described in the protocol. The data extraction was performed using an instrument elaborated according to the review question and incorporated into the webQDA software. The data treatment and analysis allowed the identification of 11 educational games developed to approach gender violence, in which the contents were identified: denaturalization of sexist patterns, recognition and mechanisms for coping with gender violence and educational potential of games for the issues of gender.

ABSTRACT. This article, extracted from research, aims to analyze the "Education in Gender and Sexual Diversity" prescribed in National Education Plans, State - Mato Grosso do Sul and Municipal - Campo Grande. Such analysis is anchored in the qualitative approach, particularly in comparison techniques. The results suggest an understanding that Gender Education and Sexual Diversity, even foreseen in the Plans analyzed, as a public policy, that contemplates the concern with a curriculum that attends to the diversities, recognizing the singularities that are established in the difference, still finds itself among the political and religious aspects of Brazilian society. These attacks, outlined by the slow process of affirmation of rights for the different genres and sexual diversity, problematized by discriminatory positions, not able to reach a dignified life. In this context, education becomes an instrument for social transformation and the construction of citizenship, focused on respect for differences and deconstruction of discriminatory positions.

ABSTRACT. This study is part of broader research aimed to deep the understanding of the transition to motherhood after age 35. Objective: To understand the transition process of women in maternity after 35 years of age. Methodology: Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2014), using semi-structured interview, Photovoice and field notes. This process integrates several categories, being only addressed in the present article: “Awareness of the desire to be a mother” and “Choosing the right moment”. Conclusion: the first stage of the process begins with awareness of the desire to be a mother, having several triggering factors, some centered on the woman, others on the desire to satisfy the partner; The pattern of conditions and motivations found to get pregnant contributed to the second stage of the process, called “Choosing the right time”.

ABSTRACT. The present work aims to present the ongoing project on vulnerability in pregnancy. This is a project led by the University of Rotterdam that brings together seven European countries: the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Bulgaria, Finland, Poland and Portugal. The project, that uses qualitative research through the Delph method, aims to exchange knowledge, share skills and best practices exercises in obstetrics, as well as sharing information about midwifery courses curricula across Europe, to improve the quality of care and education in obstetrics.

ABSTRACT. The Program can be considered a complex intervention because it directly involved two institutions (Santa Catarina SO and GH), services of different complexities, different professionals and depended on the implementation of five components (full evaluation, managerial performance of the care coordinator, clinical monitoring by the case manager, follow-up time in the Program of six months or more and clientele consisting of frail elderly), which justifies the implementation analysis. The first two stages of the evaluation have already shown that the implementation of the Program increased the production of longitudinal link with the PHC teams.

ABSTRACT. One of the emerging challenges in the learning of clinical competences in nursing is the integration of theoretical knowledge, based on evidence, into clinical practice contexts, enabling the health professionals to achieve learning outcomes for that context of clinical practice, but also increase the literacy in science and make visible the process of transfer of knowledge to the clinic. The need to use research results for problem solving implies a paradigmatic break with traditional knowledge transfer models, which are predominantly linear and unidirectional models, to pass in a passively way the information from research to users and consumers (Baixinho , Ferreira, Marques, Presado, & Cardoso, 2017). For this break to occur, professionals need to learn how to use the evidence and transfer it to the clinic in a short period of time. The collaborative and participatory work between academia and health institutions, in order to generate lasting changes and "useful" knowledge (Baixinho et al., 2017), may be the key to a structural and organizational change in training models in the context of praxis clinic, when the slogan is evidence-based practice. The epistemological rupture with the traditional view of the production of knowledge, attributing to it a value of social justice and contribution to the sustainability of health systems and the development of human resources potential in health (Baixinho et al., 2017) implies the training of professionals for a dynamic and complex practice. In addition to this view, the definition of Nursing knowledge patterns defined by Carper, in 1978, already predicted the difficulties in knowing reality from a reduced number of methods and techniques. The definition of the standards of empirical, aesthetic, ethical and personal knowledge (Carper, 1978) implies the need to have knowledge obtained through different ways. The learning of these patterns and of different models that present the elements for the transfer of knowledge, recognize that it includes a set of activities and interaction mechanisms that promote the dissemination, adoption and appropriation of the most updated knowledge possible to allow its use professional practice and health management (Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), 2014). We agree with this view that learning to transfer knowledge is complex and difficult to measure due to difficulties in monitoring and evaluating the impact of training and access to knowledge utilization and its introduction into the clinic. In view of the aforementioned, this study aims to understand how the professionals involved in the safe transition project perceive the learning performed as a fundamental element for the transfer of knowledge to the clinic. This exploratory, descriptive and qualitative approach used as a methodological approach action research. The option for this method was due to its flexibility as a participatory method of investigation, involving praxis, allowing the interaction between the researcher and the subjects of the research, that is, between formal and informal knowledge, between theory and the practice (Silva, Morais, Figueiredo, & Tyrrell, 2011; Streubet & Carpenter, 2013), enhancing the individual qualities and capacities of the participants and bringing participants' perceptions about the process. On the other hand, since the projects are underway, with the monitoring of the objectives, activities and results, it is possible to study the interaction between the different participants of the three organizations (academia, hospital and primary health care) and how this allowed to foster the sharing of formal and informal knowledge, between theory and practice (Silva, Morais, Figueiredo, & Tyrrell, 2011; Streubet, Carpenter, 2013). Moved by the question "How do the professionals involved in the safe transition project perceive the learning performed as a fundamental element for the transfer of knowledge to the clinic?", We selected 32 nurses involved in the project, who were given a questionnaire with questions semi structured for open response, which were submitted to content analysis and coded according to the theoretical framework. Ethical procedures have been taken into account. The anonymity and confidentiality of the data were ensured and the data were coded without identifying the source. Participants are mostly female (N = 30), with a mean age of 34.6 years, twenty-five participants have a specialization course in a nursing area. The nurses who participated in the study perceived that the involvement in the activities of the safe transition project allowed the learning and the development of competences in the leadership of projects of clinical practice. These professionals also considered that, the project has motivated to deepen the knowledge in the clinical area of the same and promoted its role as trainers of the remaining team. Nurses report that despite the search engines and ease of access to research results, the introduction of study results into clinical practice takes some time, due to difficulties in research, knowledge appropriation and the lack of knowledge of models for transference. They consider that model learning and participation in research projects with active methodologies (participatory research / action research) make it possible to learn the transfer process; organization, systematization and dissemination of good practices. Outstanding possibilities for clinicians and academics to work together for better learning for the use of research. At the same time the discourses of these professionals introduce challenges to research, namely in the scope of understanding and evaluation of the impact that the pedagogical practices used form facilitators of the learning process for the transfer of knowledge to the clinic and if it is perpetuated over time. The limitations of the study are related to the size of the sample and to the fact that it is a self-perception study, which does not allow to generalize the results to other contexts.

Baixinho C.L., Ferreira Ó., Marques F.M., Presado M.H., & Cardoso M. (2017). Transição segura: um projeto da transferência do conhecimento para a prática clínica. In Costa AP, Sánches-Gómez MC, Cilleros M.V.M. A prática na Investigação Qualitativa: exemplos de estudos. Oliveira de Azeméis: Ludomédia. pp.57-80. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2014). More about knowledge translation at CIHR: knowledge translation definition [Internet]. 2014 [cited 20 Fev 2018]. Available from: http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/39033.html Silva J.C., Morais E.R., Figueiredo M.L.F., & Tyrrell M.A.R. (2011). Pesquisa-ação: concepções e aplicabilidade nos estudos em enfermagem. Rev. bras. enferm. 64(3): 592-5. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000300026 Streubet H.J., Carpenter D.R. (2013). Investigação Qualitativa em Enfermagem: avançando o imperativo humanista (5ª ed.). Loures: Lusociência.

ABSTRACT. The need to construct and refine a conceptual model was identified in order to achieve two objectives: 1) to have a clear and functional communication tool for the collaborative work of a dispersed research team; 2) have a data analysis tool, clearly structured for use in several projects but with a transversal theme (Collaboration Networks). A software (WebQDA) was selected that provides a collaborative and ubiquitously distributed (web-based) environment, simple and intuitive to use, suitable to integrate the various projects that the team is developing. This article focuses on the task of refining the conceptual model that structures the team's various projects under the umbrella theme called Collaboration Networks. After the introduction, we present the methodological trajectory of the research group and the methodology for the refinement of the conceptual tool. From a reflection on the closure of two research projects on the theme "Evaluation and Collaboration Networks" and other associated projects, we tried to integrate the knowledge acquired by refining the conceptual model that transversally supported it. Collaboration in research, despite being a reality of workspace, is still poorly understood and undervalued by research evaluation. Measure resources, products, but processes that turn resources into research products are often ignored. In this article, we have gathered elements of research elaborated by team members and their partners. The conceptual framework that marked the research processes was leveraged by a deep review of the literature on Research Networks. The results of the different studies carried out by the team were published and the methodology has been presented in specific texts . In the next section, we gathered part of the methodological trajectory done in the network for the study of research and collaboration networks. Starting from the literature review, empirical work was developed by performing interviews with researchers. These subjects were selected in a researcher’s universe of excellence and leadership of research groups. Prior to the interviews, we build the co-authoring network of each of these researchers. This network - a graph - was presented at the beginning of the interview and served as a starting point and a framework for the subject to be explored. The interviews were analyzed from categories that integrated the interview questions. From the initial analysis, other categories emerged and the conceptual model was reconstructed through the interaction of the various researchers associated with the research team, the results obtained and the preparation of several publications. Having defined the research problem, its objectives and constructed the theoretical basis, the empirical works were developed in subgroups of researchers and over a period between 2010 and 2018. The main funding of the research was from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). In 2019, it was decided to integrate the various projects associated with the theme "Collaboration Networks". An important step to achieve this challenge is the refinement of the conceptual model that structures this theme. As it is a question of perfecting a model that has been co-constructed and developed from the empirical work and its publications, it is useful to explain the methodology that has brought us to this point of integration.

A Status report of the methodology used by the research group is demonstrated in the article titled "Evaluation of research and collaboration networks". We present a synthetic view of the landscape that has been covered, the definition or the concepts about the object of the research, aspects of the methodology, sources, instruments and materials and the results obtained as markers of evaluation research and collaboration networks. Briefly, the methodological trajectory began by identifying the object of study, interconnecting the themes "Network evaluation" and "Research and collaboration" and with the literature review as structural support to all subsequent empirical work. In Phase I of the investigation, based on the assumption that this type of network is established when a group collaborates with the intention to produce knowledge and that this production is visible and explained in the coauthorship publication, we set out to analyze the curricula of researchers with use of software for the construction of spreadsheets, counting of coauthories and research network analysis (RNA). Several groups of Brazilian universities (such as the University of the State of Mato Grosso and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) were collaborators, as well as international partners (University of Aveiro, Portugal; National University of Colombia, Colombia; and University of the Republic, Uruguay) In the present phase of the collaborative work, there is a need to refine the conceptual model in order to have a communication tool among the various team members, as well as to have a referential to read and interpret the interviews conducted. This effort is a collaborative work that will make it possible to bring together the main categories and subcategories, their definitions and clear examples in order to ensure internal coherence of a solid collaborative and distance research work. The use of support software (WebQDA) to organize information and work collaboratively proves to be an effective way of addressing this challenge. In this article, we have gathered the experience of the network research of researchers from different universities and countries to reach an understanding of collaboration networks and to define evaluation procedures - qualitative and quantitative markers/indicators. This work shows that the methodological path was not completed when the expected results were obtained. It was important to take the corpus of the research and reexamine the conceptual scheme in order to work coherently studies that had been carried out in different places by different researchers.

ABSTRACT. The knowledge about high ability students has implied the development of several studies on the subject. Several researchers have questioned the research done in the field of gifted education not only searching for the best practices, trying to develop evidence-based intervention (Robinson, Shore, & Enersen, 2007), but also searching for the topics studied and the research methods used. In Psychology, despite the recognition of qualitative methodology (Michell, 2004) and the creation of qualitative research journals (Brinkmann, 2017), quantitative methodology still tends to be the dominant paradigm (Rubin, Bell, & McClelland, 2018; Wiggins, Gordon-Finlaysonb, Beckerc, & Sullivan, 2015). So, research on the field of giftedness and gifted education has somehow accompanied this evolution and tendency seeing that authors of empirical research still use primarily quantitative methods (Leech, Collins, Jiao, & Onwuegbuzie, 2011). However, a growing number of qualitative studies are found (Dai, Swanson, & Cheng, 2011) and the concern about researches done is seen in the presentation of exemplars of quality studies (Coleman, Guo, & Dabbs, 2007). Currently, the subject of research on giftedness and gifted education is relevant because it allows the development of future policy and practice (Plucker, & Callahan, 2014), and the construction of collaboration networks between countries/regions, institutions, and researchers (Hernández-Torrano, & Kuzhabekova, 2019). The main goal of this paper is to present a perspective on the current state of the art, more specifically regarding research interests and typology of studies carried out in the field of high abilities and giftedness. More specifically, were analysed the articles published in 3 specialised journals, in the last year, 2018, all available online at the Portuguese university, where the search was conducted. The procedure to collect and to analyse the data was developed through 3 steps. The first step was to decide the journal descriptors. The choice of journals was centered in the fact that there was an interest in the study of what was being published in the journals closer to our country and network. So, the criteria were to look for a Portuguese journal, a Spanish journal and a European journal. In this sense, a search was conducted in February 2019, on the most recent publications, in the following journals: Sobredotação (journal published in Portugal by the National Association for the Study and Intervention in Giftedness); Talincrea - Talento, Inteligencia y Creatividad (journal published in the University of Guadalajara, Mexico, in colaboration with University of Oviedo, and University of La Laguna, Spain); and High Ability Studies (the official Scholarly Journal of the European Council of High Abilities). The second step was to define the period of time to select the articles, which were last year, 2018, and the number of articles published was quantified (n= 37). After it, the third step focused on these 37 articles, and a reading of the titles and the abstracts was done, trying to organise the information for 2 categories (Themes and Research methods), through content analysis, and using a grid built for this purpose. The collected data allowed to verify the existence of different subjects studied, as well as different methodological processes adopted in the research. The emerging Themes categories were 4: Intervention (n=10); Characterisation (n=18), Characterisation and Intervention (n=6), and Learning and Education (n=1). The Research methods (type of research) categories were also 4: Quantitative studies (n=21); Qualitative studies (n=8); Theoretical studies (n=5); and Mixed studies (n=2). It seems that the 3 journals published diverse kind of articles: in Sobredotação there is an emphasis in the subject of Intervention and Quantitative studies; in Talincrea are found more articles related to Characterisation and Qualitative studies; and in High Ability Studies there is also an emphasis in Characterisation and Quantitative studies. A more detailed analysis reveals that Characterisation can be related to high abilities identification, relation of variables and differentiation of variables. The data show that Themes are somehow diverse (at conceptual framework and studied variables) and reveal that high abilities and giftedness must continue to be studied (Plucker & Callahan, 2014). The concern with Intervention is also present in the articles. About it is import not to forget the attention that must be given to personalised learning, responding with flexibly and respect to the diversity of gifted and talented students (Tourón & Freeman, 2017). The data show that despite the development of some qualitative studies there is a predominance of quantitative studies. In recent international studies are found similar results in the general field of Psychology (e.g. Povee & Roberts, 2014; Roberts & Povee, 2014; Rubin et al., 2018; Wiggins, et al., 2015) as well as in the field of gifted education (e.g Leech et al., 2011). In the present study, some limitations might be referred. For instance, only 3 specialised journals were considered, during one year, which are not, for sure, all the articles produced in the domain. Also, only one researcher did the content analysis and data were analysed considering two main categories. In future studies, a deeper analysis, an extended number of articles, and triangulation of results should be considered. Nevertheless, these preliminary results reveal that knowledge about high abilities students is not outdated and future research might have a greater focus on the complementarity of qualitative research. In fact, qualitative research can contribute to social changes for minority groups (Denzin, 2017). In this case, qualitative inquiry could contribute to a broader and deeper knowledge of giftedness and gifted education, what can contribute to the educational response to diversity and inclusion.

ABSTRACT. The growing development of the tourism market in Portugal, especially in the city of Oporto, has allowed researchers to cross available data in online platforms, such as Booking, so that they can produce important and up-to-date reports available to operators, and thus enable them to continuously improve the services available to the tourists.

Qualitative or quantitative approaches can be explored at different stages of a tourism research project. Some researchers argue that in a number of areas of research, in economics and tourism, for instance, the quantitative approach is more reliable than the qualitative approach, since they consider the former to reflect the real world better and because it is founded on rigorous procedures and has the ability to extrapolate the results to a wider population. On the other hand, Altinay and Paraskevas (2008) refer that the qualitative approach is based on an inductive model and is based on phenomenology. Qualitative research aims to develop an understanding of the context in which phenomena and behaviours occur (Altinay and Paraskevas, 2008) and for this reason we consider a qualitative approach complementary to the quantitative score given by the guests in the tourist accommodations. The combination of the two methods may contribute to greater research enrichment. However, in this study the purpose is to analyse the content of the comments that the guests post on the platform "booking.com" after their stays, so the content analysis, as a technique of data analysis, was performed using webQDA software.

Methodology

The decision to choose the three hotels, Intercontinental, Sheraton and Yeatman, took into account the similarity between them and their market segment, including typology (5-star hotels), located in the cities of Porto and Gaia, with average prices above 250 euros per night. After selecting the hotels to analyze, we proceed to collect the comments on the Booking.com platform in Portuguese language. We collected 68 comments, 23 from Hotel Yeatman (all from December 2018), 23 from the Sheraton Hotel (December) and 22 from the Intercontinental Hotel (between July and December 2018). We built an excel chart containing the following columns: Column 1 - Hotel Name; Column 2 - comment date; 3 - Nationality of the host; 4 - Overall score; 5 - Main title of the comment; 6 - Positive comment; 7 - Negative comment. In the next step we transfer the collected data directly from the excel file to the webQDA software through the function "Automatic Encoding". This function automatically allows the import of sources, the organization of descriptors and tree codes. Columns 1 to 4 were transformed into descriptors and columns 5, 6 and 7 were organized into three tree codes (main comments, positive comments and negative comments). In the next step we codified the comments by integrating them into each of the tree codes. We coded 67 references in the code "Main comment", 30 references in the code "Positive comments" and 9 references in the "Negative comments" code. After coding we created the following matrices for analysis: 1 - comments versus hotels, 2 - comments versus customers’ nationality. In the next step we selected in each of the hotels the main comments, positive comments and negative comments that we had codified and we organized specific sources for each typology; this new organization allowed us to use the webQDA questioning tool "frequent words" and thus automatically create a cloud of words for each type of guest commentary (in a total of 9 clouds of frequent words).

Information and knowledge are the engines of economic and social development. Therefore, the analysis carried out intends to contribute to Tourism in general and to the hotel units and its management by presenting a methodology that can be used in a simple and regular basis when properly associated with a support tool in qualitative research such as webQDA software. The specificities and the context of each hotel unit and the need for more timely and detailed data, increases the responsibility of those who have to manage businesses that involve direct contact with customers, mainly tourists in this context. Our analysis shows that this tool can help the hotel managers to complement the quantitative information obtained by the guests evaluation to the accommodation (cleaning, location, staff, comfort, amenities, value for money, wi-fi, breakfast) that in its overall serves to calculate the score of the accommodation on a scale of 0 to 10. Subsequently, this tool will help to work on the qualitative opinion of the clients regarding the hotel unit. The study allowed us to conclude that the access to a simple cloud of words obtained automatically from the software gives hotel managers an immediate vision of key elements that may require their intervention. If we look at the clouds of words created with the frequent words of the negative comments (Yeatman 1, Sheraton 6, Intercontinental 2) one can easily notice that in the case of Sheraton and Yeatman, something has happened related to the room's amenities, while in the intercontinental hotel the negative comments posted by the guests had to do with the restaurant. Extrapolating this practical case that is summarized to 68 comments only in Portuguese language, for a wide universe of hotels, it is easy to see the usefulness and importance of the qualitative analysis in the hospitality business and tourism.   References Altinay, Levent; Paraskevas, Alexandros. 2008. Planning Research in Hospitality and Tourism, Routledge. UK.

Barros, Vera Gouveia. 2018. Turismo em Portugal. Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos. Lisboa

Brasão, Inês. 2017. Hotel, os bastidores. Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos. Lisboa

Lejeune , Christophe. 2019. Manual de Análise Qualitativa. Edições Piaget. Lisboa.

Quivy, Raymond; Campenhoudt, Luc Van. 2018. Manual de Investigação em Ciências Sociais. Gradiva. Lisboa

Vários. 2017. Estratégia Turismo 2027 - Liderar o Turismo do Futuro. Turismo de Portugal. Lisboa

ABSTRACT. 1 Introduction The simulated high-fidelity practice (SHFP) is an active training methodology, allowing for the learning, renewal of aptitude and professional skills, promoting safety, education, innovation, research, quality and confidence, reducing the real risk to patients. The ability to, in a controlled, repeatable and readable environment, reproduce and amplify in a fully interactive and real time, gestures, procedures, postures and clinical acts in a variety of situations, power safety and efficiency in care. Being the epicenter of learning, it promotes critical and reflexive thinking, decision-making and acquisition of technical and non-technical skills (Presado et al, 2018). The specificity of Midwives Nurses' (NM) activity leads to the appearance and / or aggravation of the musculoskeletal Injuries related to work (MIRW), which constitute the greatest occupational health problem in nurses. The complexity of its activities in the delivery room, provide the adoption of postures with body misalignment and consequent postural instability. Rapid movements in stress situations require the transition from a static position to a dynamic position, with the application of forces that are often overloaded, exceeding their individual capacities (Sousa, et al, 2019; David et al, 2018, Presado et al, 2017). Nurses Midwives give priority to the safety and comfort of the parturient, neglecting their comfort and the adoption of biomechanically safe postures during the delivery. We believe that safe delivery and quality care through evidence-based practice is imperative, as well as ensuring the safety, health, and comfort of NM. In this sense, the concern with the work environment, namely with the adequacy of spaces and equipment, should be a priority of the own and the health institutions (Cardoso el al, 2017). The use of the principles of biomechanics protects the musculoskeletal system, prevents the adoption of incorrect postures and improper movements, reduces local mechanical stress in muscles, ligaments and joints, fatigue, errors, accidents and the risk of MIRW (David et al, 2018, Presado et al, 2017). In this context, the SHFP is an important training methodology for the prevention of MIRW in NM, allowing a safe and comfortable practice in their professional performance. The present study aims to understand the contribution of SHFP in the transfer of MN biomechanical knowledge to clinical practice.

2 Methodology: It is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative methodology, with previous training to the students of the Maternal Health and Obstetrics Postgraduate Course about the principles of biomechanics, with subsequent training of skills in assisting women in childbirth in vertical position in simulated practice. The participants were 34 students of the course, which took place on March 2, 2018 (18 students) and February 22, 2019 (16 students). The technique of data collection was through the recording of the simulated clinical practices, and later analysis through webQdA® software of the postures adopted by the Nurses Midwives, in the evolution of the simulation of vertical delivery. The control of filming was performed by one of the investigators present in the room. The videos were visualized and analyzed based on the grid elaborated by Presado et al. (2017) After a consensus of the selected excerpts, the images were processed, assigning a color coding that facilitated the codification and the definition of the categories, guaranteeing the representativeness, completeness, homogeneity and pertinence of the same to the object of study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and the confidentiality and anonymity of these results were guaranteed.

3 Results: Participants considered that there was a favourable evolution, allowing an increase in safety, confidence, skill, and capacity in decision making, as well as in the transfer of biomechanical knowledge to its clinical context. Enabled the reflection about the action, facilitating the awareness of the movements and postures adopted during the care practice and the factors that hinder the principles of biomechanics application. Interiorization of the movements and postures adopted during the care practice allows the application of a coherent and automatic way in daily activity, focusing on prevention as the best way to reduce and avoid the MIRW progression. The visualization of the tasks performed by the participant himself and the other participants allowed the participants to improve their body posture in the repetition of the task. The implementation of education / training programs to health professionals about the biomechanical principles is fundamental for a safe, systematic, coherent and automatic practice, contributing to the reduction of MIRW. It was reported that the students exhibited difficulties in planning the activities associated with the workspace organization and with the analysis of the factors that hinder the adoption of the principles of biomechanics. The SHFP allows performance visualization, repeated training, improvement of technique and mental structure of the action, allowing the occurrence of errors without data for the professional / patient, assigning value to the correct performance, and identifying the changes necessary for performance improvement and consequently the quality of health care. Relatively to the working environment and the adequacy of the space and equipment, despite the effort made, it was verified that not all of the equipment and material available had the ergonomic characteristics for the simulated practice.

4 Conclusions The SHFP is currently recognized as a fundamental pedagogical strategy in the training of health professionals at graduate, postgraduate and lifelong levels. The use of simulated practice sessions allows students to work with the movements and postures they adopt in order to reduce biomechanical requirements, promoting the adoption of appropriate postures; make the activity planning with the organization of the workspace; and intervene on the factors that hinder the adoption of the principles of biomechanics, in a safe and controlled environment, in which the focus is the professionals’ safety. Improving the health of obstetrical nurses is to increase the professional income and reduce the absenteeism at work, as well as the incapacity and health expenditures prompted by MIRW. This study presented limitations related to the reduced number of participants, inexperience of training with simulated practice methodology and in the assistance to the woman in the vertical delivery. It is considered important the acquisition of equipment and material with ergonomic characteristics for the simulated practice. Prevention is the best way to reduce and prevent the progression of musculoskeletal Injuries related to work.

References

Baixinho,CL; Presado, MH; Marques, FM & Cardoso, M. (2016) A segurança biomecânica na prática clinica dos enfermeiros especialistas em saúde materna e obstetrícia-Biomechanical safety in the clinical practice of nurses specializing in maternal health and obstetrics. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde, Fortaleza, 29(Supl): 36-43, dez. Cardoso, M., Presado, M. H Marques,F.M. &. Baixinho,C.L (2017). The Biomechanic: The delivery Room From design to the layout. The Book of Heritage vs Tourism: an International Point of View, vol. 2. pp. 103-108. ISBN 978-989-20-7320-0 David, A & Presado, MH (2018) Lesões músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho do enfermeiro obstetra no decorrer do parto: scoping review. Investigação Qualitativa em Saúde, volume 2. Editado em Proceedings por 7º Congresso Ibero-Americano em Investigação Qualitativa (CIAIQ2018), pp. 771-778. Available from: https://proceedings.ciaiq.org/index.php/ciaiq2018/article/view/1847 Presado, M.H., Cardoso, M., Marques,F.M. &. Baixinho,C.L (2017). Posturas dos estudantes durante o trabalho de parto: análise de filmes de prática simulada. INVESTIGAÇÃO QUALITATIVA EM SAÚDE, volume 2. Editado por 6º Congresso Ibero-Americano en Investigação Qualitativa (CIAIQ2017), pp. 488-497 Presado H, Colaço S, Rafael H, Baixinho CL, Felix I, Saraiva C& Rebelo I. (2018). Learning with High Fidelity Simulation. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 23(1). 2018; 51-55. Sousa AD, Baixinho CL, Marques FM, Cardoso M & Presado MH. (2019). Biomechanics of Nurse Midwives in the Delivery: Contribution of Qualitative Research. In: Costa A., Reis L., Moreira A. (eds) Computer Supported Qualitative Research. WCQR 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 861. Springer, Cham.

ABSTRACT. The nature of qualitative research practices is multi-paradigmaticity which creates coexistence of several different methodologies. So it is difficult to draw a consistent and coherent image of the field of qualitative research. This paper tackles the problem of a “curse of abundance” in the present-day field of qualitative research. The goal is to analytically recognize the dominant ways by which qualitative research designs and practices are conceptualized and represented in methodological language of scholarly articles, to organize current knowledge about these practices, and to articulate this erudition in a legible system of representation. The methodology is based upon the discovery of knowledge in text databases (textual corporas) approach, the systematization this knowledge by pointing out connections and relations formed between paradigms, methodological trends, and the methods and techniques for conducting qualitative research and data analysis as made manifest in the language used by published researchers. The analytical aim of this study is to create a model of the knowledge representation of research designs and practices by building domain ontology of contemporary field of qualitative research. The corpus analysis is grounded in traditional CAQDAS and mixed content analysis with combination of dictionary based approach, natural language processing and text mining procedures. This investigation links know-how drawn from the fields of sociology, data mining, social science computing, corpus linguistics by employing the information technology concept of domain ontology. This article is also a methodological reflection on the CAQDAS development process that is moving through Content Analysis towards the usage of Knowledge Discovery in Textual Databases and Text Mining procedures in qualitative data analysis.

ABSTRACT. Qualitative research results can present a risk of the observer’s impact and ability to be objective. Moreover, in some research situations, subjects are seldom able to fully explain their actions and intentions as these can occur unconsciously. The non-participant online observation method presented in this research uses screen recording and trace analysis to provide a complementary and different kind and quality of data compared to that collected through interviews or self-reports. This paper presents an empirical approach for the data collection process and data analysis. We apply the method to the study of individual beahviors online and present how the behavioral data complements interviews.

ABSTRACT. Postgraduate research is a massive stumbling block to students who had never had an opportunity of exposure to research methods. A study conducted by the researcher (Costa, 2018) revealed challenges in postgraduate supervision—one of these challenges was a lack of exposure to research language by students. Qualitative research and its complexities due to a variety of approaches including rigour determination pose a plethora of challenges to novice researchers. This document presents C.O.S.T.A model as a tool suitable for use by academics and students, with a panoramic view of steps to be taken first to understand foundational concepts and the language of research and secondly to make informed choices on the research methods and design strategy options available for the prospective researcher. Conclusions drawn on the reliability of the model are based on empirical evidence of application of the model observed over a period of 12 months, with some students testifying to have passed their research projects satisfactorily at their respective leading universities in South Africa. Secondary research also provides voluminous sources of success of similar research supervision programmes both in South Africa and abroad.

ABSTRACT. The objective of the present research was to understand how the relationship between great-grandparents and their great grandchildren is characterized. For this, a triangulation of data was used through semi-directed interviews with great-grandparents, their great-grandchildren and an analysis of children's literature books focusing on the figure of the great-grandparents. Five great-grandmothers of both sexes, aged between 74 and 97 years, five great grandchildren, between the ages of 7 and 10 years old, were interviewed and read four books with these characters. The information collected, as well as the books, were analyzed using the Thematic Content Analysis technique. The results point to a special status of great-grandparents in the life of their great grandchildren and vice versa, characterizing a rejection of affection, joy, caregiving and mutual learning, in spite of the existence of confessions and tensions in the family as a whole, caused by the divergences of each generation.

ABSTRACT. This article is part of a non-finished research project which the general objective is to understand the experiences and repercussions of migration on the lives of young people who have migrated to Switzerland as children. More specifically we try to understand the experience of migration, the difficulties faced in school and in relationships, as well as issues of identity and belonging. The methodology was based on a qualitative approach. The participants were eight Brazilian of both sexes, aged between 20-25 years who migrated as children. They responded to the Life Story interview. When they migrated, they wanted this moment to reunite with their mother, although there was also an affective ambivalence about leaving their grandparents. Difficulties appear in school, especially with language and in relationships with other children. Their choices were limited to professional level courses. Finally, we find a search for belonging to the society in which they live.

ABSTRACT. The Unified Health System of Brazil provides universal service to all people, providing services and actions to meet this objective, resulting in the need to balance the financial expenses with the best possible result. We chose this research to verify how the parturition attendance has been in three moments of the last twenty years, since in this expectation the Federal Government has an interest in conforming to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), thus enabling properly targeted expenditures. To this end, this research works with data collected in a quantitative way, resulting in a qualitative analysis of the intended objectives.

ABSTRACT. This research had the purpose of describing the social representations of arterial hypertension and treatment for people living with hypertension, for relatives and health professionals. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The research sample was composed of 60 participants: 20 health professionals, 20 people living with hypertension and 20 relatives. Participants were 15 men and 45 women, aged from 18 to 87 years old. Individual semi-structured interviews was used. The data analysis involved descending hierarchical classification, with the aid of the IRaMuTeQ program. The results showed that the representation of hypertension is organized predominantly into two perspectives: the characteristics of this chronic condition and the care associated with hypertension. The social representation of treatment is associated with treatment control, related to the use of medications and lifestyle changes. The results also showed that are some common and different elements in the social representations of the groups.

ABSTRACT. 1 Introdution

Denzin (1970) first introduced the concept of triangulation in quantitative research as a combination of methodologies for the study of the same phenomenon (Flick, 2018). Triangulation confers richness and credibility to qualitative data (Patton, 1990), ensuring data trustworthiness (Plummer, 2017), contributing to a more holistic and in-depth understanding of the phenomenon, and increasing scientific rigor (Jones & Bugge, 2006). In nursing research, triangulation is particularly relevant (Moon, 2019). It improves the understanding of complex concepts and phenomena (Halcomb & Andrew, 2005), such as competence development (Fotheringham, 2010). Decision-making is a key competence in nurses' clinical performance (Dowding et al., 2012; Tanner, 2006), which is why it should be developed specifically since undergraduate education (Johansen & O'Brien, 2016). However it has been missing from these curricula until a few years ago (Baxter & Boblin, 2008). The strategies most evidenced in the literature as effective in learning clinical decision-making are simulation (Dowding et al., 2012; Nibbelink & Brewer, 2018) and problem-based learning (PBL) (Al-Kloub, Salameh, & Froelicher, 2014; Dowding et al., 2012). Considering that nursing decision-making guides nurses’ professional practice (Regulamento No 190/2015), Lisbon School of Nursing (ESEL has created a course for the second year, called Nursing Decision Making Process (NDMP) This course is new in the curriculum and needs to be evaluated; the nursing students’ perception about clinical decision-making (as well as the competences that are inherent to it) are a relatively unexplored area in Portugal (Marques, 2019). Therefore, the following research questions emerged: • What are the clinical decision-making competencies perceived by second year students of ESEL's undergraduate nursing program? • What are the clinical decision-making competencies perceived by the fourth year students of ESEL's undergraduate nursing program? For this reason, we designed a study to triangulate the perceptions of the second and fourth year students about the competencies acquired in the undergraduate nursing program, and to understand what were the competencies they considered to have greater impact in their clinical decision-making.

2 Methodology

This study used a qualitative, descriptive design involving findings from an open-ended questionnaire and a focus group. The students' perceptions about decision-making competencies relevant to clinical practice, acquired in NDMP, were analyzed in students of the same nursing undergraduate program at two different moments: in the second and fourth years. Data were collected through two instruments: • Open-ended questionnaires applied to 219 students who were attending the second year, at the end of the NDMP course. • Focus group carried out with a convenience sample of 8 students who were attending the clinical course in the fourth year and who agreed to participate after being explained the current research. The open-ended questionnaire was used to identify the decision-making competencies that the students perceived as important in the NDMP course, whereas the focus group was planned to understand the perceptions of senior students about the skills acquired in the undergraduate program promoted by NDMP, with greater impact in the clinical practice and that more influenced their clinical decision-making. The triangulation was thought to provide a more comprehensive and trustworthy picture of the development of clinical decision-making competencies in undergraduate nursing education (Meijer, Verloop, & Beijaard, 2002). Data from both studies was subject to content analysis according to Bardin (2013), using WebQdA® software. The categorization was made according to King's (1999) three categories: Personal System, Interpersonal System and Social System. ESEL Ethics Committee previously approved the study. Confidentiality was ensured and the participants' anonymity was guaranteed. All participants signed a consent form.

3 Results

The use of mixed methods in qualitative research allows for different perspectives that might otherwise be neglected (Morse, 2015). In triangulation, researchers must describe both methods of data collection, compare the study results from each method, and describe how the data were integrated to arrive at study results (Carter, Bryant-Lukosius, DiCenso, Blythe, & Neville, 2014 Meijer et al. 2002). Therefore, we analyzed data separately, synthesized and identified similarities and differences, to conclude how the different methods influenced the results (Carter, et al. 2002) for a more comprehensive view of decision-making learning. In the first stage of triangulation, data was organized in nineteen subcategories, grouped by the three categories of King’s model (1999). After establishing the categories, they were used in the two stages of the data analysis. The focus of students' perceptions was, in both stages, on personal competencies, followed by social and interpersonal skills. In the second stage, we did find similarities and differences in students' perceptions of clinical decision-making development, through the insights that the focus group made possible. With regard to similarities, the most important competencies are the same in each category. As differences, the most highlighted competence is no longer the Decision-Making Capacity, but Knowledge about Nursing Process and Taxonomies (more focused on the personal dimension as a student, than on the social dimension).

4 Conclusions

The triangulation of methods in qualitative research allows a broader understanding of the phenomenon under study. In the present research, we triangulated data collected by two methods (open-ended questionnaire and focus group). The triangulation procedure described here resulted in a greater understanding of students' learning of decision-making competencies in undergraduate nursing education. After two years, the results were consistent with the previous ones presented, allowing us to conclude in favor of the interiorization of the learning process, which began in the NDMP course. These results reinforce the pertinence of the teaching and learning objectives and strategies developed in NDMP and clarify the importance that nursing process and taxonomies knowledge have for the learning of clinical decision-making in ESEL. Further studies should contribute to a more comprehensive view of students learning along the four years program. This would allow a reflection on the quality of nursing education and the development of autonomous and independent decision-making strategies for future nurses.

References

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ABSTRACT. The adoption of innovative Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by the Public Administration has been increasing in recent years face the challenge of optimizing public services through digital transformation (Field, Muller, Lau, Gadriot-Renard & Vergez, 2003; Bwalya, 2012; Das, Singh & Joseph, 2017). In this sense, e-government emerges strategically as a form of governmental action that uses modern technological solutions providing to citizens and organizations access to information in the most convenient way, improvement of public service quality and more opportunities for social participation in democratic processes (OECD, 2018).

The public health sector does not differ from this reality by adopting technologies that help in the management of countless data on patients, procedures and policies. In this perspective, Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH), institution responsible for National Health System (SUS) and public policies aimed at to promote, prevent and assist the Brazilians health, developed the Parliamentary Amendment Mobile Application, which is a practical e-government application, available on Android and IOS platforms. This Application aims to make easier, agile, safe and functional the management of the parliamentary amendments related to the actions and public health resources made by the deputies, senators and citizens.

Therefore, entering information into a mobile application, in which parliamentarians and citizens could have all the data related to their amendments to monitoring their execution, with the option of activating notifications about the process steps, represented a challenge for the MH´s project team to develop a digital solution in order to deliver a large volume of information on public health resources.

Researchers has carried out works to analyze the implementation of e-government in this context, although these studies are scarce, especially in developing countries (Twizeyimana & Andersson, 2019), which reflects the need to analyze the implementation of the mobile application Parliamentary Amendment, as an e-government initiative, for the management of public health resources and their potential to create social welfare.

In addition, the need to understand the challenges of implementing this application, in the public health sector, as a product of e-government, becomes relevant in view of the need for efficient management of resources for the maintenance and investments of the health public network, which in their absence, can cause serious harm to users. In the face of relevance of the present study, we elaborated the following research question: what are the attributes, functions, outcomes and interactions related to the implementation of the Parliamentary Amendment Mobile Application in the management of resources allocated to public health actions and services?

Thus, this research aims to analyze the implementation by the MH of the Parliamentary Amendment Mobile Application in the management of resources related to public health actions and services. To achieve this purpose, we used a qualitative multi-method approach through a triangulation of data collection techniques (Denzin, 1989) such as literature review, documentary research, participant observation and a focus group, the latter being held in April 2019, with stakeholders involved with the mobile application design (Jorgensen, 2015; Morgan, 1996; Scott, 2014) .

In order to conceptually and empirically increase knowledge related to the phenomenon, we analyze the data through content and document analysis and propose a framework for the analysis of e-government initiatives in the public health sector, with the following categories: attributes, functions, outcomes and interactions. The results of the content analysis (Miles & Huberman, 1994) reveal the opportunity of understanding e-government in the context of the Brazilian public health sector, from the identification of the categories and variables of the literature present and absent in the phenomenon; and finally, new variables related to the characteristics of this innovation of government.

The framework developed by the authors presents key questions related to the main attributes that measure the developed mobile application: comprehensive; integrated; ubiquitous; transparent; easy to use; accessible; secure; and, interoperable, according to Fang (2002). The new variables found in data analysis and related to the characteristics of the developed e-government are: the mobile application used as a social control tool, as a management tool and technological innovation.

We also have characterized the Parliamentary Amendment Mobile Application as an e-government solution designed through software that processes data on parliamentary amendments of resources for public health actions and services, facilitating and reducing the time of implementation of the management of these resources by deputies, senators and citizens.

The main functions of the e-government framework identified in the application implementation are: to allow users online access to personal benefits; to promote online access to bidding, purchasing, sales and payments; to promote participation of the citizen; to promote interaction between services, to allow access to government information; and, to facilitate compliance. The interactions in e-government occur between the MH and public companies, citizens, public servants, social groups, private and non-profit companies, according to the author Fang (2002).

According to the framework developed, the analysis of content from the focus group allowed us to point out the main outcomes obtained with the application development, namely: increase trust in government; ethical behavior improvement; capacity building; open government; improvement of administrative efficiency; improvement of public services; increase of professionalism; and, increase of social value, in agreement with the authors Twizeyimana e Andersson (2019).

The results revealed the opportunity to understand, through a qualitative approach, the e-government phenomenon in the context of the public health sector, especially for an efficient management of applications related to information technology innovations in developing countries, used to create collective value in public health.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions of ESEL senior students about their clinical decision-making: which competencies acquired during undergraduate nursing education, and promoted by Decision-Making Process in Nursing course, had greater impact in clinical practice? A qualitative study using a focus group as the data collection technique was conducted with 8 students in the next to last clinical practice. Data analysis was made by content analysis through webQDA® software. The four stages of Tanner’s model (2006) emerged as themes, which emphasis to Perception and Interpretation as the most influential in clinical decision-making. The most valued competencies were critical thinking, theoretical and clinical knowledge development, and the ability to discuss and argue about clinical situations. We concluded that the knowledge and skills developed contributed to improve the decision-making of senior nursing students in clinical environments.

ABSTRACT. EFFECTS OF DIETARY PATTERNS ON CLINICALLY-DEPRESSED FEMALE INDIVIDUALS: A CASE STUDY

Background Depressive disorders impose a significant health and economic burden in developing countries. MDD (major depressive disorder) and dysthymic disorder are the most commonly diagnosed forms of depression. Its symptoms include but not limited to increased sadness and anxiety, shifting mood, loss of interest in pleasurable activities while dysthymic disorder presents a milder version of MDD. Growing evidence in recent years suggests a complex relationship between diet and depression. Diet may have impact on the course and development of depression and cases of depression, in turn may develop unhealthy dietary pattern. MDD is considered to be a leading cause of disease-related disability among women. With prevalence estimates ranging between 3.3-3.4% in developing countries alone, globally, more than 300 million people of all ages suffer from depression, in fact the global burden of depression is now a major public health concern.

Two female only respondents with different dietary patterns: vegetarian and omnivore were purposively recruited in consultation with a psychiatrist using inclusion criteria. Extraction of data from interview transcripts were coded and a second cycle coding was also used. The study did not delve into the psychological causes of depression but rather focused only on how dietary quality affect depression in its frequency and intensity of episodes. A semi-structured interview schedule was prepared to gather focused qualitative data as the intention was to get respondents to talk in their own terms while a questionnaire for depression scoring and interpretation tool was used. A modified-PHQ-9 (patient health questionnaire) based on the FFQ (food frequency questionnaire) was utilized to screen depression episodes of respondents.

Aim The study’s overarching aim, sought to determine the effects of dietary pattern on depression and how dietary quality affect depression in its frequency and intensity episodes.

Methods Full interviews were audio-recorded and were manually transcribed and thematically analyzed. First cycle coding was done using in vivo coding. A second cycle coding was done using grammar (magnitude) coding. The scores that were given for the code were: 0 – none at all; 1-slight; 2-moderate; 3-strong. A positive and negative signs were further used to indicate whether a theme positively/negatively affected respondents. It was then tabulated and analyzed.

A PHQ-9 was used to provisionally diagnose depression and grade severity of symptoms in general medical and mental health settings. Scores each of the 9 DSM criteria of MDD as “0” (not at all) to “3” (nearly every day), providing a 0-27 severity score. PHQ-9 scores > 10 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for Major Depressive Disorder. Its purpose is not to establish final diagnosis or to MDD, but rather to screen for depression.

The epistemological stance of the study is that of a constructivist approach which, in contrast to a positivist approach, assumes that it is possible to attend to various view points and not just one. For easier classification, data from the interview was coded manually. A thematic analysis was done after the first cycle coding and was validated further by using grammar coding during the second cycle coding process, which was focused around the core categories purposively looking for the links of the themes of diet and depression.

Results The broader themes emerged :1. A shift in dietary pattern, which included the type of foods consumed and the amount and frequency of consumption. Respondents shifted in their dietary pattern scoring from -4 to +2 and -1 to +3 respectively, however there was no explanation was mentioned as to the cause of the intentional shift in diet. Shift in mood, from the time before diagnosis up to the time of interview and ‘triggers’ as well as coping mechanisms. Peer pressure and work emerged among others as factors that caused intense and usually negative emotional reaction, and 3. Effects of diet, consuming sweets like ice cream and specifically followed by consuming a cup of coffee (but not eating ice cream alone), excessive indulgence during depressive episodes seemed to have some kind of positive effect.

Core themes and all categories were looked into which were tagged, checked and cross-checked regularly with other transcripts to see whether the respective tag and data matched, and then scored using magnitude coding. Irregularities and similarities between the transcripts during coding were also noted.

The study determined that a shift in episodes were noticed both in frequency and intensity even when the respondents had already changed their diet by consuming for example, more vegetables than before. Respondents have had changed in their depression episodes as their diets have changed. Before the actual diagnosis of depression, respondents reported having manifested symptoms including sudden shift in mood, feeling of sadness, feelings of disappointment, irritability and general malaise, etc. During these times, they have also reported a change in their dietary patterns wherein they have not eaten as much as they used to, as well as having worse episodes during the times that they have had unhealthy diets.

Conclusion In view of the remit of this study, aspects relating to depression and diet in females dominate in the account of findings. However, it should also be noted that respondents’ accounts also provided examples that depression affected the respondent’s dietary patterns in terms of amount, type of food, and especially frequency in eating. Dietary patterns also changed dramatically through the course of their depression and the dietary patterns have affected their episodes as well wherein unhealthy diets led to more intense and frequent episodes while trying out a healthy option which helped reduce the frequency and intensity of the depressive episodes. Furthermore, dietary patterns also shifted in terms of frequency during a depressive episode.

ABSTRACT. Introdution: Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) has been progressively used by qualitative researchers to optimize analyzes derived from qualitative research. Among the characteristics that contributed to its dissemination, we highlight the large volume data searches, functionalities that reduce the time of coding and analysis, the possibility to document the steps of the analysis, transparency to the process, besides the resources for presentation and visualization of the results obtained (Costa, Faria, & Reis, 2016). Two factors that contributed to the expansion of the use of these software are the increasing requirement of reliability in qualitative research (Andre, 2001; Moran-Ellis, Alexander, Cronin, Dickinson, Fielding, Sleney, & Thomas, 2006) and their ability to facilitate the combination of methods (Kelle, 2006; Rambaree, 2007). In Brazil, the number of qualitative researchers using some type of CAQDAS is still small. But this scenario begins to change, especially by popularizing the use of computing resources and the internet in the academic environment. Given the still scarce of work describing CAQDAS software, in particular the RQDA software, our goal is to report the experience of using the software to support the analyzes, as well as to describe its functionalities. Our initial hypothesis is that the use of this type of software can optimize the analytical process qualitative data derived from interviews. Methods: This research had a qualitative design with a thematic analytical approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Data was gathered from sixty-six women diagnosed with Chronic Pelvic Pain, using semi-structured individual interviews, through a central guiding question (i.e.: How do you deal with pain?). The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed in full for later analysis with the support of the software "RQDA" (Huang, 2016). The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo under the process 1,353,746 on December 7, 2015, CAAE (49999615.4.0000.5440). Results: Data was organized in two key themes related to how women dealt with the experience of pain: 1. Individual mechanisms focused on pain acceptance; 2. Individual mechanisms focused on coping with pain. The advantages, difficulties, operationalization of use of the software will be developed during the presentation of the poster. Conclusion: We believe that the report of our experience may contribute to the wide dissemination of this tool, which constitutes an important advance in the good use of information technology resources in research in general and in the field of qualitative research in particular. Our initial hypothesis about the RQDA software was revealed in order to validate the tool as a resolution in the analytical interview process as well as to optimize the volume of material derived from it. We hope that more work at the heart of the analytical process supported by RQDA software can be made available by expanding the researchers' knowledge.

ABSTRACT. In Brazil there are 790 tailings dams with increasing accident records. In 2008 alone, 77 dam disruptions were recorded in Brazil. The largest accidents were registered in 2015 in the city of Mariana and 2019 in the city of Brumadinho, both in the state of Minas Gerais. In addition to the great environmental impact on flora and fauna, the Mariana and Brumadinho dams caused 19 deaths and 233 deaths respectively and 72 disappeared. Due to the large destruction tract for several kilometers, invading rivers and their springs, including the loss of human lives, requires the adoption of a safety system that avoids disasters, such as those that have been happening in the Region. The purpose of this article is to present safer dams models as well as more efficient dam safety monitoring systems

ABSTRACT. 1. Introduction Simulation-based learning has been increasingly integrated into the education and training of health professionals and students (Ryall, Judd, & Gordon, 2016). It is a significant component for the development of individual knowledge (Bereiter, 1990; Vygotsky, 1978). However, the authenticity of the simulation environment may be an important aspect or differential for the student's learning and experience gain, when the debriefing moment gives the opportunity to improve the reflexive thoughts through the discussion of aspects of the simulation (Decker et al., 2013).

1.2 Objective To explore the experience of nursing students in a scenario of high fidelity simulation about the preparation and administration of medications by means of debriefing.

2 Method An exploratory study of a qualitative approach carried out with reports from the debriefing phase of a randomized clinical trial whose central theme was the preparation and administration of drugs for critical patients in high fidelity simulated environment. The situation consisted of attending to a critically ill patient requiring intensive care, where the preparation and administration of intravenous medication under the influence of distractors was the intervention. The debriefing occurred immediately after the student's participation in the simulation. Based on Coutinho, Martins and Pereira (2016), guiding questions were elaborated to guide the debriefing phases: meeting; positive reinforcement; analysis and summary. Nineteen randomized nursing students were enrolled in the sample using codes. The debriefing was conducted by two trained facilitators and the audio recorded in full for later literal transcription. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Brasília, Brazil (technical opinion 3.125.812 and CAEE 02151218.1.0000.0030) and registered in the Clinical Trials ® (NCT03828526).

3 Results After analysis, 10,753 analyzable words were verified, 67% of the study corpus being used for the formation of 173 Elementary Context Units. There were four classes with semantic correlation: 1) Management of health care tools, devices and procedures; 2) Impact of distracting factors incorporated into the simulated environment; 3) Clinical evolution of the patient in the simulated scenario; 4) The knowledge standards evidenced by the students in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. The second class predominated in the reports, but the others remained correlated.

4 Conclusion Based on the students' experience, it was verified that the great importance given to the distractors inserted in the high-fidelity simulation scenario reflects the implications of doing strictly technical, cognition, feelings and interaction with the environment. In spite of this, the students signalized assimilation of the theory with the practice of the preparation and administration of medicines, trivial abilities of the nursing profession.

ABSTRACT. INTRODUCTION: Chronic noncommunicable diseases are a global health problem and a threat to health and human development. In the search to respond more effectively to the needs of this problem, the Model of Attention to Chronic Conditions was developed in 2011 and for that, one of the pillars was the implementation of self-care supported, since it aims to qualify and empower users for self-management of their health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perception of users with hypertension on the experience of self-care supported in the context of primary health care. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with 34 hypertensive patients who experienced the implementation of self-care supported based on individualized consultations and shared groups at a Basic Health Unit of the Federal District, Brazil, between January and May 2019. For the collection of data it was adopted as strategy interviews with directed questions, namely: What is your opinion about care model based on self-care supported? Is there any difference between the self-care approach supported and the traditional approach? If so, please specify? How is it for you to put into practice the self-care plan? What are the easinesses and difficulties in practicing the self-care supported? Do you think the self-care plan has offered any benefit to your life? If so, which ones? The interviews were recorded and transcribed in full. The analysis of the speech was performed using the ALCESTE software, version 2018.The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences (FS / UnB), technical opinion 1645.880, CAAE: 57727116.3.0000.0030. RESULTS: The corpus of the study, when analyzed, showed 76% of utilization, with 4,284 distinct forms or analyzable words, 90 selected Elementary Context Units, from which emerged three classes that were correlated semantically evidencing the line of speech reasoning, These are: 1) Signs of disruption of medical-centered care and recognition of the benefits of person-centered care; 2) Valuation of the applicability of the self-care plan and 3) The behaviors most evidenced for the self-management of care. CONCLUSION: This qualitative research provoked in the users' imagination proposals of standard models essential to a collaborative and person-centered attention sufficient to reach a change in the biologicist hegemonic culture that was not sufficiently effective to treat the chronic conditions. The valorization and empowerment of people in the care process resulted in different benefits, such as: adherence to basic behaviors for health control, improvement of self-esteem and quality of life. In this sense, it is concluded as promising to invest in methodologies that encourage self-management of care for the control of chronic conditions in the context of primary health care.

ABSTRACT. 1 Introduction The intimate partner violence among adolescents (IPV) refers to behaviour in intimate relationships that taunt physical, sexual or psychological damage, through acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse or control. Internationally, it is a phenomenon present in different cultures, social groups, ethnicities and social classes (Mumford, Taylor, Liu, & Giordano, 2018). Because of the phenomenon’s impact on the quality of life and health of those involved, its addressing needs investments in the health field, especially in Primary Health Care (PHC) (Egry et al., 2017)⁠. Other studies point out that Third Sector institutions create a relevant partnership with health services, as health-promoting spaces (Anhas, Castro-Silva, Anhas, & Castro-Silva, 2017)⁠. This study is justified by the need for cogent interventions to effectively cope with adolescent IPV. It aims: a) to construct an intervention proposal, directed at health professionals and the third sector, on coping with adolescent IPV, in the perspectives of gender and generation; b) to describe the advantages of using software for qualitative data analysis for the development of this proposal. 2 Method This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The theoretical milestone was the Theory of Praxis Intervention of Nursing in Collective Health (TIPESC), inscribed under a materialistic, historical and dialectical worldview (Egry, 1996)⁠.⁠ The settings were the municipalities of Curitiba (PR) and São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Participants were professionals who worked in the PHC and professionals linked to the third sector of the same territories. As inclusion criteria were defined: being a professional who acts as PHC in the health care of adolescents in the municipalities of Curitiba and São Paulo, or being a professional who acts in the third sector responsible for adolescent care, both, even if indirectly. Data collection was performed through two sessions of a critical-emancipatory workshop (OTC). It is a strategy considered capable of assembling research and intervention from the steps: warming up, individual reflection, group reflection and synthesis (Fonseca, Oliveira & Fornari, 2017). The OTC´s sessions aimed to propose an intersection interventional strategy to cope with adolescent IPV. Each session was three hours long and took place between November 2016 and August 2017. In Curitiba, 25 professionals of the Health Care Sector and nine of the Third Sector took part in the project. In São Paulo, there were 10 professionals of the health care sector and 11 of the Third Sector. Data produced were recorded, fully transcribed and analysed according to Bardin (2011)⁠ for the emergence of the empirical categories: 1-Perceptions of health care and third sector professionals for the expansion of interventions aimed at adolescent IPV and 2-The evaluation of OTC as a potent intervention in the different spaces. The WebQDA Software was used as support for the qualitative analysis of the data, due to its relevance in the analysis organization support for the of non-numerical and unstructured data (Souza, Costa, & Moreira, 2011)⁠.

In regard to the analytical approach, the data were analyzed from the analytical categories gender and generation, because it is understood that the IPV and the practices of workers from different sectors, directed at this phenomenon, are historically and socially determined and can be better comprehended in the light of gender and generation. The gender category is based on the difference between the sexes, an indispensable element of social relations (Scott, 1995)⁠. The generation defines the social place occupied by the different generational categories, such as adolescents, who suffer the impact of all the events of society (Egry, Fonseca, & Oliveira, 2013)⁠. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo and by the Ethics Committees in municipal research of Curitiba and São Paulo.

3 Results

The data analysis supported by WebQDA shows that OTC is a potent intervention in the adolescent IPV reality, due to its possibility of being implemented in different realities to face violence. In addition, the results showed that professionals consider that they need to be targets of interventions prior to the prioritization of actions directed at adolescents. With this experience, they can qualify for the development of specific action for the adolescent population enrolled in the territory of the service. Thus, a proposal for an OTC to address adolescent IPV was constructed, entitled: “Violence between adolescent intimate partners: towards intervention in reality”. This intervention is directed at Health Care and Third Sector professionals in order to stimulate the process of shared responsibility among these services and aims to: 1- Discuss the concepts on which adolescent IPV is based, on the vision of Collective Health; 2- Get acquainted with the basic principles of participatory intervention to cope with adolescent IPV; 3- Collectively build an intervention to address adolescent IPV in the considered territory. The contents of the proposal are related to the theoretical, philosophical and methodological framework adopted in the study and are addressed through specific active strategies during four sessions, totalizing 12 hours. The use of the WebQDA software showed as advantages: the systematization of data and the identification of a greater documentary source used for the construction of the intervention. Furthermore, it optimized the time for data categorization, ensuring that more time was allocated to the stages of analysis and discussion. 4 Conclusion The proposed intervention is a strategy directed at health services and the third sector, concerning professional education qualification of an emancipatory nature and as a possibility of development of a new intervention aimed at adolescents, considering the specificities of each territory where it will be developed. The use of the WebQDA software was proved to be essential for the development of this research, since it promotes the stringency in the systematization and organization of the speeches, essential for the emergence of empirical categories and for the management of the time for the analysis process. This ensured the reliability of the data analysed in light of the gender and generation categories.

References

Anhas, D. de M., Castro-Silva, C. R. de, Anhas, D. de M., & Castro-Silva, C. R. de. (2017). Sentidos atribuídos por adolescentes e jovens à saúde: desafios da Saúde da Família em uma comunidade vulnerável de Cubatão, São Paulo, Brasil. Saúde e Sociedade, 26(2), 484–495. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902017169735 Egry, E. Y. (1996). Saúde coletiva: construindo um novo método em enfermagem. São Paulo: Ícone. Egry, E. Y., Apostólico, M. R., Morais, T. C. P., Lisboa, C. C. R. (2017). Enfrentar a violência infantil na Atenção Básica: como os profissionais percebem? Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(1), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0009 Egry, E. Y., Fonseca, R. M. G. S. da, & Oliveira, M. A. de C. (2013). Ciência, Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem: destacando as categorias gênero e geração na episteme da práxis. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 66(spe), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672013000700016 Fonseca, R.M.G.S., Oliveira, R.N.G., Fornari, L.F. (2017). Prática educativa em direitos sexuais e reprodutivos: a oficina de trabalho crítico-emancipatória de gênero. In PROENF – Programa de Atualização em Enfermagem: Atenção Primária e Saúde da Família: Ciclo 6. Porto Alegre: Artmed. Bardin, L. (2011). Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edicões 70. Mumford, E. A., Taylor, B. G., Liu, W., & Giordano, P. C. (2018). Dating Relationship Dynamics, Mental Health, and Dating Victimization: A Longitudinal Path Analysis. Journal of Research on Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12415 Scott, J. (1995). Gênero: uma categoria útil de anáise histórica. Educação & Realidade, 20(2), 71–99. Souza, F., Costa, A., & Moreira, A. (2011). Questionamento no processo de análise de dados qualitativos com apoio do software. EduSer- Revisa de Educação, 3(1), 19–30.

ABSTRACT. Various publications (such as newspapers, magazine articles, executive summaries, corporate documents, government policy blogs and websites, conference proceedings, and journals) widely discuss the concept of Industry 4.0. The ideation of the Industry 4.0 concept was launched in 2011 by the Germany government to eliminate mass production, focusing on self-automation and self-optimization in shop floor production (Zhang & Liu, 2015). The emergence of Industry 4.0 technology, which relies heavily on intelligent automated technology creates an "uncertain and unstable" environment due to new technology proposed in conventional manufacturing (Shamim et al. 2016). There are several leading factors to the "uncertain and unstable' environment such as no exact definition of Industry 4.0 (Götz and Jankowska, 2017; Mohamed, 2018), low acceptance and readiness among the manufacturers (Müller, Kiel, & Voigt, 2018) and a shortage of high-skilled workers in the transition to Industry 4.0 (Pfeiffer, 2015). Consequently, the introduction of the Industry 4.0 concept also causes disruptive employment among low-skilled and semi-skilled workers (Balliester and Elsheikhi, 2018; Chang et al., 2016), due to the increased number of requirement for high-skilled workers. One the one hand, the high skilled worker is highly associated with problem-solving skills, creativity, decision-making, and other related competencies (Gehrke and Kühn, 2015; Jaeger et al., 2014; Prifti et al., 2017) and are highly required in the Industry 4.0 working environment. On the other hand, extensive research on competencies and skills required for low-skilled and semi-skilled workers suggests that they are remaining relevant in the Industry 4.0 working environment. For instances, Kreinsen (2016) claimed that the low-skilled worker could perform the task with the use of the assistance system. Tervo & Koivo (2014) added that the operators were remaining prominent in the human-machine interface application which further ascertained by Ansari and Seidenberg (2016) research that the operator will not only run and monitor the machine performance but able to customize machine performance as well. The complexity of interpretations of the Industry 4.0 concept is later summarized in the author's schematic illustration of multiple interpretations of Industry 4.0 concept (viewed from different reader's perspective) in Figure 1. Consequently, no exact Industry 4.0 competencies requirement discovered from disruptive employment due to the multiple interpretations of Industry 4.0 concept. Considering the multiple interpretations of the concept of Industry 4.0, benefits of document analysis mentioned by Bowen (2009) and Pershing (2002) and its limitations, therefore, this study aims to conduct a document analysis using the ATLAS ti. Software to verify the source of information (either first-hand information or secondary) from the publications of Industry 4.0 in order to ensure the credibility of the sources of information and to ascertain the Industry 4.0 competencies requirement. In this study, the main research question is constructed; how to verify the source of information (either first-hand information or secondary) of the Industry 4.0 competencies requirement from the Industry 4.0 publications? Methodologically, this paper presents five methodological stages proposed in document analysis procedure; which open coding and pattern coding used in the solo-coding procedure. From the categorical aggregation, findings discover five emerging themes in reference to the type of literature to ascertain the Industry 4.0 competencies requirement. Based on solo-coding process, five themes emerge from data analysis. There are new competencies required for a high-skilled worker, new competencies requirement for semi-skilled/high-skilled worker, new competencies requirement for low-skilled/semi—skilled worker, new competencies requirement in general and no Industry 4.0 competencies required. The source of information for each theme is verified based on the first-hand information obtained from the methodological approach when identifying Industry 4.0 competencies requirement. As a conclusion, the source of information from various type of the Industry 4.0 publications could be verified by referring to the first-hand or secondary information in ascertaining the Industry 4.0 competencies requirement. Significantly, the document analysis process enables the author to gain information accurately regarding disruptive employment and to ascertain the credibility of sources of information of the Industry 4.0 competencies requirement.

ABSTRACT. The paper deals with teaching qualitative research as practice of qualitative research. Teaching qualitative research has different traditions across the wide variety of academic disciplines as well as across the countries. Teaching qualitative research has manifold functions, addresses a heterogeneous audience and is taught by heterogeneous people with different research backgrounds. Teaching qualitative research is realizable through courses in basic study programs (compulsory lecture), through seminars and training programs, through conferences or through informal research workshops (analyzing and interpreting data e.g.). Debates on teaching qualitative research are often around specific discussion lines – sometimes driven from them, like the quality of teaching or the right techniques. That induces a reduction of these debates and ends up in programmatic implications how to teach with which techniques in the best way. More meaningful is to understand how the teaching of qualitative research is going on, because “[h]ow qualitative research methods and methodology are taught is closely linked to the ways in which qualitative researchers in the social sciences conceptualize themselves and their discipline” (Breuer & Schreier 2007, abstract). Questions dealing with the Teachability and Learnability of qualitative research are comparatively on low attention with at the same time an increasing demand on methods and teaching. We find a diverse availability of teaching and learning contexts and there seemed to be three virulent perspectives regarding teaching in qualitative research (Mey 2008). 1. A well-founded knowledge about qualitative research approaches, methodologies, theories, styles, methods (and about the differences) to justify my worldview and my used methodology. 2. The basic principles of qualitative research – the teaching and learning of an understanding of research as a social arrangement and communication and interaction process (with respect to the principles of qualitative research like openness, reflexivity, subjectivity e.g.). 3. Teaching an acquirement of abilities to act appropriate in the research process, like the reflection of previous knowledge and bias, insecurity. One discourse line is the distinction between the paradigmatic and the pragmatic view. From a pragmatic point of view, qualitative research methods are considered research strategies or techniques and can be taught in the sense of recipes with specific steps to be carried out. According to a paradigmatic point of view qualitative research methods and methodology are conceptualized as a craft to be practiced together by a master and an apprentice. Depending on which view you belong to, it has occasionally extensive implications of teaching. Moreover, the teaching of qualitative research methods also depends heavily on the institutional standing of qualitative compared to quantitative research method. Based on these considerations, some basic dimensions of learning about and teaching qualitative research methods are suggested: ways of teaching (ranging from the presentation of textbook knowledge to cognitive apprenticeship) including distance learning; teachers' experience with these; institutional contexts, including their development and the teaching of qualitative research methods in other than university contexts; the "fit" between personality and method, including relevant personal skills and talents. In this paper I´m going to present some of my results of my current research project (habilitation) – a discourse analysis of qualitative research. I`m interested in the formation, development, reception and the ending of discourses lines. The discourse analysis derives from an intense literature review on teaching qualitative research with the following data-base: - Open Access Journal: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research (ISSN 1438-5627) http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/ - Open Access Journal: International Journal on Qualitative Methods (IJQM), https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ijq - Articles from the Journal „Erwägen – Wissen – Ethik“ (Consider – Knowledge – Ethics), Focus Issue on Qualitative Research - conference programs on qualitative research, like the Qualitative Methods Conference (former Advances in Qualitative Methods Conference) of the International Institute of Qualitative Methods (Edmonton, Canada) from the last 21 years - Evaluation Sheets of the Qualitative Methods Workshop in Germany (350 participants) - Announcements of Events to „Learn“ Qualitative Research Methods (spring schools etc.)

My methodological approach is the Discourse Analysis (DA) according to Foucault (1981), who defined discourse as more than ways of thinking and producing meaning. Discourse refers to ways of constituting knowledge, together with the social practices, forms of subjectivity and power relations (expressed through language and behavior, and the relationship between language and power) which inhere in such knowledges and relations between them. I extended this methodological approach into a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) according to Fairclough (1995). CDA assumed that social practice and linguistic practice constitute one another and focus on investigating how societal power relations are established and reinforced through language use (at this point CDA differs from DA in that it highlights issues of power asymmetries, manipulation, exploitation, and structural inequities in domains such as education). Fairclough developed a three-dimensional framework for studying discourse, where the aim is to map three separate forms of analysis onto one another: 1. analysis of (spoken or written) language texts, 2. analysis of discourse practice (processes of text production, distribution and consumption) and 3. analysis of discursive events as instances of socio-cultural practice. Particularly, he combines micro, meso and macro-level interpretation. I try to reconstruct the structure of discourses, which are special discourses, interdiscourses as networks between special discourses, Normalism as produced dispositives and the collective symbolic as for example rhetoric figures anchored in cultures.

ABSTRACT. Qualitative researchers aligned to theories and processes in their own culture and discipline, find themselves at a crossroads in the theory building process. In the Pacific, students from these cultures use Eurocentric textbook concepts that do not always represent their experiences. Researchers struggle to come to terms with cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural concepts to forge new understandings and acknowledge indigenous perspectives. In the mentorship program for undergraduate research at Chaminade University of Honolulu, I have mentored students from the Nursing, Psychology and International Studies programs using qualitative forms of inquiry. These undergraduate researchers learn coding and determining themes as they engage with their data.

We all pursue research with protective lenses, night vision goggles that make us see things. We first ask who we are and how we view the world. This paper will explore how mentoring can advance collaboration in theory building during data analysis from artifacts, interviews and observations. One of the studies by an International Studies major focused on the identity of US Filipino immigrants who maintain a backyard vegetable and fruit garden for their health needs. The goal was to enable a more holistic worldview that is mindful of different disciplinary perspectives. Bilingual or multilingual students carry an additional “reservoir of resources” according to Gonzalez et al., in Funds of Knowledge (2001), a clear value to any diverse learning community, and conceptual exchange which can open spaces for this reservoir to emerge. What has been attempted in the process of naming, is finding words rich in their dichotomy or related-ness, some in translation between cultures or disciplines. These types of splicing to crossbreed is also common among old ways of propagating new plants to form synonymous concepts that enrich the identification and offer theories with an environment that is viable for multicultural dimensions. James Gee (2014) noted the concept of Intertextuality which “refers to cases where one oral or written text directly or indirectly quotes another text or alludes to another text in yet more subtle ways” (p. 44). Therefore, in the study of transnational identities of Filipino immigrant farmers, a necessary hybridity with indigenous concepts may embody practices which have not been named in the discipline or the culture which may be gleaned from the data. Sechelski and Onwuegbuzie (2019) in their article, A Call for Enhancing Saturation at the Qualitative Data Analysis Stage via the Use of Qualitative Data Analysis Approaches argue that there is a need for a “diversity and flexibility of qualitative data analysis approaches in their attempt to promote a more comprehensive and rigorous analysis by examining the same data from multiple analytical perspectives” (p. 5). The twenty-three approaches mentioned in the article parallel the goal of this paper towards a finer and workable pathway towards “multiple analytical perspectives” which may be intrinsic to the operationalization with data analysis’ difficult step of building theories in interdisciplinary research projects.

I argue that constructing concepts across cultural contexts is parallel to analyzing data across approaches, therefore broadening the theory of cultural interpretation (Washburn-Repollo, 2011), “which occurs in classrooms when responses to assigned reading texts use local worldviews from primary discourses” (p. 29). To further this notion of mixing concepts, the study done on the relationship of immigrant farmers to particular vegetables and fruits in their backyard gardens can be viewed from the lens of identity. These may be enacted in behaviors viewed as cultural patterns and from the lens of economic and political agency, allowing a theoretical mosaic which compose immigrants’ acculturation and survival.

Constructing concepts across cultural contexts may include the borrowing of ethnic words from other ways of being to add richness to the meaning of an experience. In Critical Discourses and Analysis in Educational Research (Rogers, 2004), these “critical approaches to discourse analysis recognize that inquiry into meaning making is always also an exploration into power” (p. 1). Here, we recognize that the meaning of apprenticeship is anchored on social interactions where communication and transnational experiences intersect as agentive social justice.

In the case of an international studies major studying identity among immigrants in their understanding of survival and health, the concepts of migration and identity were captured in the use of the word rooted; the student researcher’s search for words to describe what she saw and experienced. The article confirms this idea that the, “field continues to grow and change, responding to problems with different ways of looking, understanding and, as its practitioners hope, acting” (Rogers, 2004 p. 1). The data is performed and acted out to show the connection of plants and humans. Here the artifact is a non-verbal message interpreted as it provides a narrative. The source of plants nurturing another life (in this case, us humans) was evident in the photograph as the farmer stretched out his hand to give the fruits from his garden. Here, as Harper (2008) noted, there was a performativity in the visual data that can be transmitted as information, through video and the visual capturing of the performance of it. As cultural studies engage in virtual representations and the digital information age ushers more online sharing platforms, Harper further confirms this process of meaning making as we present ideas in contexts that, “visual documentation becomes a part of research triangulation, confirming theories using different forms of data” (p. 187). Photographs, video and the critical view of how these are edited to propose ideas to viewers become part of our understanding of phenomenon.

As we award grants to mentors and mentees focused on the humanities to guide our students towards qualitative research, we can work towards a convergence of lenses, owing to diverse cultural and academic worldviews Yet, it is also our responsibility, those who are naming and those who are being named, to evaluate and question how this positions those whose disciplines or cultures may be less valued in the co-construction of meaning for a fair qualification of human experiences.

ABSTRACT. Professional accountants are commonly associated as introverts, meticulous, and objectively stern when it comes to ‘getting-things-done’ (Attkisson, 2019; Indeed, 2019; Marinoff, 2019; Pannapacker, 2012). This is contrary to the typical stereotype of entrepreneurs who are creatively flexible risk-taking individuals (DeMers, 2017; Pupavac, 2015; Tappi, 2005; Caird, 1993). But what if these characteristics combine? The result – Entrepreneurial Accountants.

Patil (2016) used the term ‘Accounteneurs’ to identify entrepreneurial accountants. He mentioned that ‘Accounteneurs’ chose not to take up a job but instead to create a business. He defines them as professional accountants who own accounting firms. Thus, entrepreneurial accountants are driven in reaching a certain goal in mind, may it be an innovation, a state, or a unique service because these individuals do not only have the technical accounting skills but also have the qualities of an entrepreneur.

Given the idea of the presence of the entrepreneurial accountants in society, this study explored the ‘meaning’ of being a successful entrepreneurial accountant. The researchers focused to explain how entrepreneurial accountants who own small to medium accounting firms became successful in (area, country). Hence, this study aimed to contribute an in-depth theoretical understanding of the gap between the concept and practice of the entrepreneurial accountant phenomenon.

Theoretical Foundation Two significant theories served as the analytical foundation of this study: the Human Capital Theory (Frese and Rauch, 2001) and the Opportunity Identification Theory (Ardichvilia, Cardozob, and Rayc, 2000; Gaglio and Katz, 2001). Respectively, these theories account for the internal and external factors that influence the distinctive character of entrepreneurial accountants.

Objectives. The main purpose of this study is to explore the success factors of the owners of small to medium accounting firms — entrepreneurial accountants. To provide in-depth investigation on this phenomenon, this study specifically aimed to address the following objectives: (1) to describe the relevant socio-demographic profile of an entrepreneurial accountant; (2) to understand the personality traits and competencies of a successful entrepreneurial accountant; and (3) to discover the available opportunities and resources that affect an entrepreneurial accountant’s success.

Design and Method. The researchers used Narrative Analysis as a research design. The study focused on the experiences of the entrepreneurial accountants embedded in the success stories that participants have shared with the researchers.

Data were gathered from eight (8) qualified entrepreneurial accountants in the (area, country) who were selected based on the following criteria: (a) must be a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), (b) an owner of an accounting firm, and (c) his/her accounting firm must be operational for a minimum of 5 years already.

Interviewing was used to gather data. Researcher-made guide questions were carefully scrutinized and validated by peers and business professionals. Gathered interview data was transcribed.

Analysis of data was based on the Codes-to-Theory Model proposed by Saldaña (2013) where data underwent a three-level analyses phase – (1) coding, (2) categorizing, and (3) formation of themes/ideas. As data was rigorously analyzed, through several reading stages, a code system was developed by the researchers. The analysis technique helped to move from a broad reading toward the discovery of patterns of the information and empirical insight about the entrepreneurial accountant phenomenon.

Findings The study revealed that the factors that contributed to the success of entrepreneurial accountants are the profound handling of the dynamic integration of the internal and external forces that affect their personal lives and professional endeavors. Specifically, these factors include profile, personality traits, competencies, opportunity, resources, and business values. These inputs (success factors) are personal and organizational in nature.

The socio-demographic profile of the participants was found out to somehow be relevant to their journey towards success. The average age of the participants is forty-five (45) years old. They have their own families and have established their accounting firms on their own or through partnership. They strictly emphasized that accountancy, being their academic background, should clearly fit their passion. At this level, having a work-life balanced experience is very important.

Honesty or transparency, partnered with accuracy, was consistently revealed as the most important personality trait that a successful entrepreneurial accountant should possess. This trait was strongly supported by other positive personality traits mentioned by the participants.

The study also revealed that successful entrepreneurial accountants capitalize on the following competencies: (1) good communication and interpersonal skills, (2) exceptional technical (accounting and taxation) skills, and (3) tenacious entrepreneurial skills. They believed that having these competencies significantly helped them grow their accounting firms and give them a competitive advantage in the accounting services industry.

Entrepreneurial accountants also associated their success by seizing opportunities. The participants highlighted opportunities as internal and external. Internal opportunities are mainly focused on the internal business environment which includes factors within the company that have an impact on operational success such as having potentially skilled employees. External opportunities were regarded as strong market demands. They said that generating the need for their accounting services is the foundation of such opportunity. According to the participants, educating other business owners about the importance of having an efficient accounting and taxation arm is essential to their growth. In addition, the study also found out that entrepreneurial accountants having good use of available resources (specifically technical expertise, technology, and adequate facilities) significantly helped them. The researchers labeled these resources as soft and hard resources.

Conclusion Different entrepreneurial accountants have different views on being successful. Driver (2017) mentioned that for an entrepreneur, there are many facets to distinguish success – whether success is referenced to financial, cognitive, intrapersonal or interpersonal, and social fulfillment.

A successful entrepreneurial accountant is one who has not just mastered the techniques of accounting and taxation nor has achieved the full growth of his/her enterprise. To an entrepreneurial accountant, it is also very important to integrate the aforementioned factors with a strong balanced character and excellent management and leadership skills.

The study summarized the success factors of an entrepreneurial accountant through the theoretical model (Figure 1).

Fig. 1. The Entreprenurial Accountant Model.

ABSTRACT. The study contributes to the ongoing methodological debates regarding what defines qualitative research. Many novice researchers, who are averse to mathematics or statistics, cursorily prefer qualitative research unaware of its theoretical underpinnings or meta-theoretical assumptions. The novice researchers’ preferences are predicated on erroneous assumptions that qualitative research is limited to non-quantitative methods. To determine whether the study is qualitative or quantitative or subjective/objective on the basis of whether statistics is used is simplistic and may be misleading, and may reveal a misplaced emphasis (Brown, 1980; 1993). This study engages critically with this subject, showing that the theoretical underpinnings, and not the use of statistical procedures, are central to determine what constitutes qualitative research. The focus should be on subjectivity or points of view that the numbers represent. Q methodology is cited as an example and its core tenets are explicated. Q methodology is a qualitative research approach that uses quantitative methods such as correlation and factor analysis to study human subjectivity. Q methodology is interested in life as lived from the vantage point of the participant living it. Q methodology is typified by the following:  Its primary focus is what the participants express or the life as lived from the vantage point of the participant living it (Armatas, Venn, & Watson, 2014; Stenner, 2009; Watts & Stenner, 2014).  Through statistical analysis, Q methodology provides a systematic method for identifying perception structures that exist within the research participants.  The perception structures or factors that emerge are not restricted by existing theory, as Q methodology creates room for the emergence of unanticipated phenomena that existing theory cannot explain.  The different factors that emerge are labelled according to the sorting of the statements, thus reflecting the participants’ subjective viewpoints, which acquires meaning a posteriori.  Q methodology is suitable for exploratory and hypothesis-generating studies. It is concluded that the use of numbers is not antithetical to qualitative research approach. However, the use of numbers should cohere with the theoretical assumptions that underpin qualitative research approach. In addition to contributing to the on-going methodological debates, it is hoped that the study will assist novice researchers and others unfamiliar with qualitative research in making informed methodological decisions when adopting qualitative research approach.

References Armatas, C.A., Venn, T.J., & Watson, A.E., (2014). Applying Q-methodology to select and define attributes for non-market valuation: A case study from Northwest Wyoming, United States. Ecological Economics, 447–456. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.09.010. Brown, S. R. (1980). Political subjectivity. New Haven: Yale University Press. Brown, S. R. (1993). A primer on Q methodology. Operant Subjectivity, 16(3/4), 91–138. Stenner, P. (2009). Q methodology as a constructivist methodology. Operant subjectivity: The International Journal of Q methodology, 32(1–3), 46–69. Watts, S., & Stenner, P. (2014). Definitions of love in a sample of British women: An empirical study using Q methodology. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57, 557–572.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Along with technical and scientific knowledge, it´s important to focus the care on the newborn and his family in a holistic and comprehensive approach. Skills and perspectives conferred by narrative medicine will allow doctors to recognize suffering, to interpret and be moved by the story of those who suffer and those who care for them. Metaphors reveal how we frame reality, how parents and physicians see and experience neonatal care from different points of view. Based on Kleinman categories of narratives, one can analyze the juxtaposed and the different views on the same reality by all the parties involved. Aim: I) to identify and characterize the content of the narratives of parents and health professionals, regarding their perceptions, feelings/emotions, learning, ethical dilemmas, forms of communication and decision making. II) to map the metaphors used in the narratives. Materials and methods: The authors collected the narratives of health professionals from the Neonatology Department of Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, and of parents who had their newborns hospitalized for at least 15 days in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The 62 participants of the convenience sample were invited by the researcher to write down their narratives after the approval of the Ethics Committee had been issued. A qualitative content analysis was carried out, based on the a priori categories: communication, decision-making, dilemmas and metaphors and emerging categories in the data. The analysis was performed with the support of NVivo software version 12 Pro. Findings: We analyze 38 narratives from NICU staff and 24 from caregivers (most mothers, average age 34). Parents´ perceptions relate mainly to the fragility/vulnerability of their children and tragic moments and resilience/survival of their babies. The feelings/emotions were present in a high percentage of narratives (mostly negative ones). Professionals´ learning relates to the respect for the newborn physiology, behavior, resilience and the peculiar way of communicating. Also relevant were human and relational growth. Parents´ learning emphasizes coping strategies. Most of the narratives focus on communicational aspects (mainly verbal communication). Decision-making was referred in almost half of the narratives (although shared decision-making was explicitly found in 19,3%). The ethical dilemmas and questions that have arisen are mainly in the area of decision-making. We found the metaphor in 24 narratives. “Fairy tale” metaphor was very often used by parents however, “catastrophe” metaphor of caregivers was also a burden complaint. Professionals´ metaphors were less expressive. These are preliminary results. Conclusion: The admission of a newborn in a NICU inevitably causes emotional stress in parents as mentioned in most of the parents´ narratives. The narrative analysis allows us to identify the images and the main terms used by parents and health professionals, and to analyze how these elements reveal the strengths and weakness of communication and decision making within neonatal intensive care settings. Metaphors and the most common terms and categories used in the narratives disclose how, where and why one should intervene to improve communication and shared decision making so that the care provided can be more effective and person-centered.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: As a result of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its treatment, patients experience changing their bodies, functional limitations and general independence swings with a significant impact on their everyday lives, the social activities and relationships (Rod, Bordelon, Thompson, Marcotte, & Ritz, 2013). They face new lived experiences, including but not limited to unpredictability and uncertainty (Redmond & Suddick, 2012), loss of control (Gibson, 2016), social withdrawal and social isolation (Sunvisson & Ekman, 2001), or stigmatisation (Nazzal & Khalil, 2017). By such experiences, patients’ dignity may be threatened, compromised or even damaged (Jacobson, 2012). Therefore it is crucial to understand what are the patients’ lived experiences and perceptions of health-related situations reflected in their sense of dignity. Objective: Within a broader qualitative study aiming to describe and interpret dignity of patients with neurological diseases in the context of health care, the purpose of the paper is to present differences in lived experiences in the selected cases of two women with Parkinson’s disease reflected in their perceptions of dignity. Method: Considering the aim of the study with exploratory qualitative design, the data were collected by in-depth semi-structured interviews. The study was approved by Ethics Committee at the ……... The examples of semi-structured questions asked are: How do you perceive the dignity? What is the meaning of dignity for you? What is the impact of Parkinson’s disease on your dignity? The interviews were audiotaped and after verbatim transcript qualitatively explored using the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2009). Results: For the purpose of this paper two selected cases of PD women are presented, with their original names changed to Maria and Jana. Maria is 72-years old widow, retired secondary school teacher, 10 years in the treatment of PD, dominated by tremor, muscle cramps and difficulty walking, accompanied by severe visual impairment, describing herself “I always used to be a fighter…”. Jana is 47-years old woman in disability retirement, 8 years in the treatment of PD, dominated by tremor, tics, difficulty walking and speech, accompanied by depression, describing herself “Luck escaped from me, I think, when I was born…” The findings of the qualitative analysis point to considerable individual differences in the experiences and perceptions regarding dignity in the two patients. As the most significant, we have identified the following three themes: Me and my disease; Importance of the patient support organisation Club Parkinson Slovakia – information and participation; and Future perspectives. Maria calls the disease “my Parkinson“, understands it as a fact and a challenge to be accepted “if there is something unchangeable, as well as Mr. Parkinson, we have to punch him at his nose, right?!” She maintains her personal dignity by trying to control her life with “Mr. Parkinson“, searching actively for information which she tries to pass on to other patients. Jana experiences the disease as another factor negatively affecting her life, her self-esteem and personal dignity in terms of: "I keep asking: Oh Lord, why did you punish me like that?!” She demonstratively struggles with the limitations of the disease in order to get the attention and help from her intimates as she lacks them. Maria evaluates the patient support organisation as “it is all about filling up a time, having a snack, refreshment, passive listening to presentations”; she identifies absence of an educational aspect that is crucial for her in terms of mutual enrichment by sharing knowledge and experience; this need hasn’t been met in her case, nevertheless she implements proactive approach to the club activities helping her to promote her dignity. Jana evaluates the club in a negative way – her dignity was threatened by perceived lack of social support, underestimating of her person and insufficient appreciation by the club members that didn’t meet her expectations, so she broke off the contact with the club. The patient support organisation hasn’t met the expectations of both patients, despite being different. As PD is a life limiting disease, patients reflect this fact, thinking about their future and the possibilities to influence it. Maria perceives her future with PD as a fact she is actively preparing for to remain self-sufficient for the longest and not to burden her family; active attitude and rational thinking help to maintain her dignity. Jana perceives her future with uncertainty about PD treatment; expresses the loss of the meaning of life in relation to her decreased usefulness for the family. Final considerations: Patients’ personal dignity is differently affected by PD, being closely linked to their personal characteristics, previous life experiences and the limitations of the disease, as it is represented by identified themes. All this can be reflected in different ways of patients’ involvement into the treatment and process of achievement of individual outcomes. Understanding patients’ different lived experiences gives the healthcare professionals the opportunity to provide proactive and individualized patient-centred care. Conversely, the absence of understanding the unique lived experiences of Parkinson’s disease patients can lead to stereotypes in care without reflecting their individual needs. Keywords: Dignity; Parkinson’s disease patients; Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Acknowledgments. The study was supported by research project VEGA 1/0090/17: Dignity of patients with neurological disease in the context of health care: interpretative phenomenological approach. The authors are grateful to participants for their commitment in the study. References Gibson, G. (2016). ‘Signposts on the journey’; medication adherence and the lived body in men with Parkinson‘s disease. Social Science & Medicine, 152: 27–34. Jacobson, N. (2012). Dignity and health: a review. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. Nazzal, M. S., & Khalil, H. (2017). Living with Parkinson’s disease: a Jordanian perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 24(1): 74–82. Redmond, L., & Suddick, K. (2012). The lived experience of freezing in people with Parkinson’s: an interpretive phenomenological approach. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 19(3): 169–177. Rod, N. H., Bordelon, Y., Thompson, A., Marcotte, E., & Ritz, B. (2013). Major life events and development of major depression in Parkinson’s disease patients. European Journal of Neurology, 20(4), 663–670. doi: 10.1111/ene.12019. Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage Publications. Sunvisson, H., & Ekman, S. L. (2001). Environmental influences on the experiences of people with Parkinson’s disease. Nursing Inquiry, 8(1): 41–50.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are confronted with new experiences; this may be reflected in their dignity (Nordenfelt, 2004; van Gennip, 2013; Soundy, Stubbs, & Roskel, 2014). Monitoring patients’ health condition, the disease symptomatology and the treatment efficiency requires their frequent interaction with healthcare services. Patients have expectations in this regard, e.g. of the care provided, the behaviour of healthcare professionals, or the environment of healthcare facility, that are not always fulfilled. Aim: The aim of the qualitative research study is to present the lived experiences of PD patients in relation to healthcare services and their impact on dignity. Sample and Methods: The study included 11 patients (7 women and 4 men aged 47 to 76 years) selected based on pre-established inclusion criteria: PD diagnosed, preserved speech and mobility, intact cognitive functions, absence of depression, the willingness to participate in the study. The study was approved by Ethics Committee at the …….. The study design is explorative using the phenomenological approach within interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). For data collection conducted in specialized outpatients' department for PD patients of the university hospital in central Slovakia, the method of semi-structured interviews (audiotaped) was used. Data analysis was performed according to IPA using the software ATLAS.ti 8.0. (Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2012; Pietkiewicz & Smith, 2014). Results: The lived experiences of PD patients in the context of health care are presented in following themes: Undignified environment; Behaviour of healthcare professionals – directive vs empathetic; Failure to respect individuality and stature of the patient; Failure to provide information; Selfish co-patients. Patients evaluate the environment of healthcare facilities negatively; describe it as impersonal and uncomfortable in relation to sitting in waiting rooms for so long; they lack privacy during ward rounds. On the one hand, patients experience staff approach to be directive and condescending, sensitively perceiving incongruence between verbal and non-verbal communication. They account the time spent with doctor to be too short as more attention is paid to documentation than to interpersonal communication and addressing patients’ specific problems. They find it inappropriate to be sometimes referred to as numbers; some perceive themselves as a burden in health care system. On the other hand, patients appreciate pleasant and helpful approach, active assistance in problem solving, empathy, non-violent communication, and respectful staff-patient partnership. Patients’ dignity is threatened by disrespect to their individual needs and habits of everyday life, negation of current symptomatology and patient’s social status. Patients negatively perceive the healthcare professionals’ failure to provide sufficient information and constructive feedback, e.g. of home care following discharge, exercising, or existence of a patient support organisation. They also critically point out that co-patients do not respect each other in some situations. Conclusion: Patient testimonials point to different situations they are confronted with during health care, having a negative impact on their dignity. Patients’ dignity should be promoted by respectful health care and proactive, individualised approach (Lin, Watson, & Tsai, 2013).

Acknowledgments. The study was supported by research project VEGA 1/0090/17: Dignity of patients with neurological disease in the context of health care: interpretative phenomenological approach. The authors are grateful to participants for their commitment in the study. References Lin, Y. P., Watson, R., & Tsai, Y. F. (2013). Dignity in care in the clinical setting: A narrative review. Nursing Ethics, 20(2), 168–177. Nordenfelt, L. (2004). The Varieties of Dignity. Health Care Analysis, 12(2), 69–89. Pietkiewicz, I., & Smith, J. A. (2014). A practical guide to using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in qualitative research psychology. Czasopismo Psychologiczne Psychological Journal, 20(1), 7–14. Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2012). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Theory, Method and Research. London: Sage. Soundy, A., Stubbs, B., & Roskel, C. (2014). The Experience of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography. The Scientific World Journal, Article ID 613592, 19 p. van Gennip, I. E., Pasman, H. R., Oosterveld-Vlug, M. G., Willems, D. L., & Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D. (2013). The development of a model of dignity in illness based on qualitative interviews with seriously ill patients. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(8), 1080–1089.

ABSTRACT. The advancement of technology, the most competitive labor market and the new requirements regarding the training of professionals demand great challenges from the university, requiring this institution to rethink its actions. The Law on the Guidelines and Bases of Brazilian Education (LDB 9.394 / 96) signaled several advances in the educational context due to its democratic and participative character and its scope, highlighting the teacher training process and Distance Education modality (EAD) as one of the strategies for initial and continuing training. Since 2000, Tiradentes University (SERGIPE / BRAZIL) has taken on the initiative of offering online courses for face-to-face courses. In 2004, it began offering undergraduate courses in the distance modality, backed by legal guidelines. The present study aims to analyze the contribution of distance education in the process of teacher training as well as enriching the studies in the field of didactics, with the egress of the course as a source of information. His participation in the educational process gave him an overview of the course, which, together with his professional experience, gives him more conditions to make analyzes and suggestions about this modality of teaching. Evaluative studies of educational projects prioritize the execution process, and the involvement of graduates is a little used procedure. In Europe there are institutions that excel in studies with graduates, and in Brazilian universities these studies are still incipient (COELHO, 2008). This concern becomes more imperative in relation to distance education (EaD) education, which is becoming increasingly widespread in Brazil and in the world, and studies and practices aimed at its field become essential for its consolidation (MAISSIAT, 2010). Because the distance modality is a new and diversified field that requires research, the participation of the professional egress is important because it can contribute to validate the acquired knowledge as well as to expand the knowledge; because they are inserted in the practice, can speak of their activities, of their difficulties, of a legitimized place, articulating to the learned theory, the knowledge acquired in the experience (TARDIF, 2002). The involvement of the graduates is also contemplated in Law 10.861 / 04 that establishes the SINAES, regulated by regulation no. 300, dated January 30, 2006. For the accomplishment of this study of graduates of the course of Literature / Portuguese, aiming: to know the profile of the student egressed in professional terms and their expectations in relation to the course; identify the aspects that favored and / or interfered in their performance during the course; to verify if the graduate is working or not in the area of teaching, in order to verify the functional character of the course; to analyze the contribution of the course for their personal and professional formation, and to obtain suggestions that subsidize the process of implementation of the courses in the Distance modality, resorted to the qualitative research procedures. The choice for the qualitative research was not due to the concern with the numerical representativeness of the sample, but rather with the deepening of the understanding that a social group has of a course, of an innovative experience. For Minayo (2001), qualitative research works with the universe of meanings, motives, aspirations, beliefs, values and attitudes, which corresponds to a deeper space of relationships, processes and phenomena that can not be reduced to the operationalization of variables. The procedures of the probabilistic sample of the simple random type were used, involving 30% of the conclusive ones, totaling 68 graduates.For data collection, the interview was used with a script of closed and open questions, applied by the researchers in face-to-face situations. Most of the students enrolled in the Course of Letters / Portuguese for being the only option offered at that moment, being that they would keep their decision in the present moment, while 60% expressed preference for other areas. Those who would maintain the same course option claimed that they "identify with the area of teaching", "it is an area that provides a great base for teaching work and to offer competitions", "makes it possible to acquire knowledge for classroom work of class". The aspects that most favored the students' performance were those of a personal nature (49.50%) and those related to the course (44.30%), to the detriment of those in the professional field (6.20%). Among those in the first group, they emphasized the interest and personal effort in doing the activities and readings (24.20%) and the desire to enter higher education (12.10%). The adoption of systematic group work to encourage discussion and unity among colleagues (16.70%), encouragement and guidance of the teaching and supervision team (12.10%) and the offer of the course in the same or in surrounding municipalities (10.60%) were the aspects related to the course. Interest and personal effort had a great influence on the trajectory of the student, which confirms Litwin's (2001) assignments. The graduates valued as well as suggested the increase in the workload for face-to-face meetings as well as praised the work and importance of tutors and teachers. Comparing the professional situation of the trainee at the beginning of the course and at the present time, it is perceived that the course has brought certain benefits. While 42,40% still work in the field of teaching, others (15.20%) had the opportunity of professional promotion, starting to exercise the functions of direction and pedagogical coordination or entering the field of teaching. Regarding the fourth objective, the majority of graduates (78.80%) considered it a good option for initial training at a higher level. Regarding the option between face-to-face and distance learning, if a decision had to be made at the present time, the majority of professionals (81.20%) continued to prioritize the distance modality, as it favors the candidate to conciliate work and study. In addition to this argument, they have argued that it is a modality that encourages the student to study more and have a commitment. Regarding the contribution of the course to its formation, 71.20% of the graduates interviewed evaluated as "good" and 21.20% as "great". By making a general analysis of the course, the egress evaluated this modality of teaching positively, mainly the systematic of working the disciplines and the contents. The graduates suggested several modifications aimed at the implementation of the course and this type of teaching.

ABSTRACT. Rheumatic disease, like any other chronic disease, can be perceived as a learning challenge for the patient. The way the patient reacts to the disease varies, among other factors, with their emotional condition. Hope has different meanings and tends to fade with the aggravation of health conditions when it becomes evident the difficulty in easing the pain and in the impossibility of healing

ABSTRACT. Descriptive exploratory study of a qualitative approach aiming to describe the factors related to self-mutilation, considering the nurses’ perspective facing adolescents seeking therapy at the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantil e Adolescente (CAPSi) (Center for Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care), Curitiba City, Paraná State, Brazil. Data were collected from ten nurses by recorded interview at this CAPSi, from September to October 2018, and were submitted to content analysis. This study was organized using record units divided into two categories, “Factors associated with self-mutilation” and “Technologies and Strategies of Nursing care in Self-mutilation”. The conclusion is that self-mutilation is related to many factors as behavioral disorder and family and gender conflicts, requiring specific strategies and technologies, such as admission, nursing triage, relationship connection, among others, according to the age range.

ABSTRACT. The present study is focused on a coronary care unit context, aiming to know the methods in which these formal caregivers try to solve their problems and educational needs. The serious games is a tool capable of producing attention, memory and motivation of participants, by providing them with effective and affective experiences. It is intended to promote the development of nursing skills so they can overcome any obstacles during their intervention with cardiac patients in particular, the social, emotional and transversal skills such as, entrepreneurship, information and communication technology and learning throughout life. For this qualitative study, participatory approach with interactive education and training workshops methods, using a serious games built with relevant health content and adapted to the needs and context in which these health professionals work was used. The gains are related with the multidisciplinary team skills necessary for the development of patient empowerment and self-care in post acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization period.

ABSTRACT. Cancer is the the second main cause of death in the world. It was sought to understand the aspects of cancer's signification and resignification through spirituality in the confrontation of people diagnosed with cancer. The present study is descriptive, qualitative and observational. The sample was randomly composed by women who had cancer diagnosis in the city of Campina Grande, Paraiba, aged over 18 years old and who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. The theoretical saturation has defined the sample number. Data collection occurred between September and November of 2018, and the Content Analysis Method based their analysis. Ethical aspects have been respected. It was possible to conclude that cancer damages patients' well-being in physical and mental aspects. In this context, spirituality emerges as an aspect of confrontation.

ABSTRACT. Mental health education is recognized as a social contractual tool. This study describes the experience of illiteracy, among users admitted between the years 2014 and 2017, in a CAPS type II in Distrito Federal, Brazil. After the level classification of education, three users were selected to participate in a semi-structured interview, elaborated by the researchers. Date was analyzed qualitatively from the content analysis. Three categories were identified: Motives and demotives of learning; The usurped childhood, and; Job market and adaptation to education gaps. Family support is identified as a motivational factor. Barriers to schooling include early initiation at work, prejudice and mental illness. Associated vulnerabilities create barriers to schooling. There is a need for intersectorality to promote psychosocial care. It is equally important for health professionals to consider the historical and social aspects, in addition to the school education of the user

ABSTRACT. In order to contribute to the Inclusive Education of Children with Special Needs in Specialized Artistic Education, in 2018 an action-research project was started to change the practices of promoting inclusion. To this end, a short-term training course was held to learn about the real needs and difficulties experienced by professionals involved in the educational and rehabilitation processes of students with Special Needs and to provide teachers in training with specific tools and knowledge to teach music to students with special needs. Once the training was completed, a questionnaire with semi-open questions prepared and validated for the occasion was applied to the 60 participants of the training. The present work reveals the results of this questionnaire, whose answers were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis.

ABSTRACT. Psychosocial attention comprises mental health as a phenomenon stemming from a realm of complex biological, psychological and social factors. In this context, to attain ideal results different therapeutical approaches and network care are required. In the Psychosocial Attention Network (Rede de Atenção Psicosocial - RAPS), the Psychosocial Attention Centers (Centro de Atenção Psicosocial - CAPS) provide strategic services to patients with severe mental disorders and conditions stemming from drug addiction (Amarante & Nunes, 2018). The Psychosocial Attention Centers (CAPS) are territorial units open to provide rehabilitation and social reintegration. Therapeutical outcomes are attained using suitable individual, group and community interventions. Methodological investigation pathways must be designed to analyze complex psychosocial interventions such as therapeutical groups. Qualitative research stands out as a robust approach to achieve this end (Ramos, Paiva, & Guimarães, 2019). The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of the utilization of “scenes of group care” as a strategy in mental health qualitative research.